ABSTRACT
Objective To provide theoretical reference and practical basis for accurately choosing the suitable packaging forms for different Injections. Methods Based on the raw materials in the common packaging forms of injections, the research and application progress on different packaging forms for injections were reviewed by analyzing the characteristics and technical requirements of different packaging forms, and the current registration information of pharmaceutical packaging materials in the Center for Drug Evaluation, NMPA were introduced. Results For preparations with small single-dose and low-cost, the ampoules or injection vials could be chosen. Powder injections are usually packaged in injection vials. For rescue medicines and valuable medicines, the pre-filled syringes could be chosen. For chronic disease treatment drugs (such as insulin) that require long-term injection, or some injections for emergency use, a pen-type syringe package that patients can inject themselves could be used. Neutral glass packaging or plastic packaging should be used for some acidic or alkaline. Conclusion The drug manufacturers should comprehensively consider the physicochemical properties of drugs, the performance of packaging raw materials, compatibility test results, price-cost, and convenience in carrying and use when choosing the appropriate packaging form to ensure the quality, safety, and effectivity of drugs.
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Objective To evaluate the left atrial(LA) and right atrial(RA) volumes and functions of fetuses in second and late trimester by using atrial volume tracking (AVT).Methods One hundred and seventy-six fetuses were enrolled in this study.Using AVT,the maximal and minimal volumes of RA and LA were measured from time-atrial volume tracking curves.RA and LA ejection fraction (RAEF and LAEF) derived from the value of atrial maximal volumes(LAVmax,RAVmax) subtracted atrial minimal volumes (LAVmin,RAVmin) and divided by LAVmax or RAVmax.Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the relationships between LAVmax,RAVmax,LAVmin,RAVmin,LAEF,RAEF and gestational ages.Results For all normal cases,the volumes of LA and RA were closely correlated with gestational weeks(r =0.80,0.85,0.83,0.82,P ＜0.001).The volume of LA was significantly smaller than that of RA (P ＜0.01).The RAEF and LAEF remained stable with advancing gestational age and there was no significantly difference between RAEF and LAEF (P ＞0.05).Conclusions This study establishes normal reference values for fetal RA and LA volumes during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy.The volumes of RA and LA are correlated with gestational weeks,and the volume of RA is bigger than that of LA.RAEF and LAEF are uncorrelated with gestational weeks,and there's no difference between RVEF and LAEF.
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Objective To observe the curative effect of reduced coenzyme Q10 in treatment of severe recurrent aphthous ulcer (RAU).Methods A total of 64 severe RAU patients were divided into experimental group (30 cases) and control group (34 cases) by random digits table method.The control group received conventional treatment,and the experimental group was treated with coenzyme Q10 on the basis of the control group.The clinical indicators were observed.Results Compared to patients on admission,the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA scale),disease uncertainty Scale (MUIS scale),visual analog pain scale (VAS index) after 2 weeks in hospital in the experimental group were decreased,and there were significant differences (P ＜ 0.05).Compared to the control group after 2 weeks in hospital,MUIS scale,VAS index were decreased in the experimental group,and there were significant differences (P ＜ 0.05).Compared to patients on admission,superoxide dismutase,CD4+,CD4+/CD5+ after 2 weeks in hospital in the experimental group were increased,malondialdehyde (MAD),fibrinogen were decreased,and there were significant differences (P ＜0.05).Compared to the control group after 2 weeks in hospital,MAD was decreased,CD4+,CD4+/CD5+ were increased in the experimental group,and there were significant differences (P ＜0.05).Compared to the control group,the ulcer duration in the experimental group was shorter [(13.75 ± 3.58) d vs.(16.89 ± 5.17) d],and there was significant difference (P ＜ 0.05).Compared to the control group,the efficiency was increased,the no efficiency was decreased,the total efficiency was increased,and there was significant difference (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Coenzyme Q10 is effective in treatment of severe RAU,worthy of promotion.