Comparative study of serum ferritin levels and hepatic transaminases between uncomplicated paediatric dengue inpatients and other febrile illnesses in Kanchipuram, India

Background: Fever is the most common complaint with bringing children for hospital consultation. Dengue is a cause of public health concern with case fatality rate of 1%. Ferritin is an acute-phase reactant which is produced in response to infection and inflammation. Liver enzymes are also considered as markers of febrile illness. Aim of this study was to assess serum ferritin levels, aspartate-aminotransferase (AST) and alanine-aminotransferase (ALT) levels in pediatric inpatients with febrile illness, to correlate it with patient’s Dengue profile and to analyse these parameters with sub-group analysis of dengue and OFI.Methods: Among 120 children admitted for fever of more than 3 days duration were included in the study. 58 were Dengue-NS1 positive and the remaining 62 were considered to be OFI. Serum ferritin levels, AST and ALT were the investigative parameters measured at the time of admission for the study and treated as per WHO Dengue Guidelines. Data was coded and entered in Microsoft Excel 2013. Data was analysed using SPSS v16. p value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: Ferritin levels were higher in Dengue-IgM positive subgroup than in OFI subgroup (U= 173, Z score -6.09, p<0.00001). AST levels are higher in Dengue-NS1 positive subgroup than in OFI subgroup (U= 103, Z score -8.08, p<0.00001). AST levels were also higher in Dengue-IgM positive subgroup than in OFI subgroup (U= 377.5, Z score -4.86, p<0.00001). ALT levels are higher in Dengue-NS1 positive subgroup than in OFI subgroup (U=76, Z score -8.95, p<0.00001) as well as in Dengue-IgM positive subgroup than in OFI subgroup (U= 417, Z score -4.4, p<0.00001).Conclusions: Hyperferritinemia and elevation of hepatic-transaminases is seen in dengue. Although elevated in other febrile illnesses, it is elevated more so in dengue. This can be a predictor of severity of dengue fever, but needs to be confirmed in larger studies.

Clinic-pathological aspect of gastro-intestinal stromal tumors at tertiary care Hospital India / Aspecto clínico e patológico dos tumores estromais gastrointestinais em hospital terciário da Índia

Abstract Background This study defines the disease profile in south Indian population and determine the clinic-pathological aspects of Gastro-Intestinal Stromal Tumors. Method In this prospective study patients diagnosed of gastrointestinal stromal tumors were taken thorough clinical examination and a database of Anthropometric details and clinical details were analyzed. Pathological data included tumor size, presence or absence necrosis, mitotic counts, immunohistochemistry for CD-117, CD-34. Results There were 44 patients with confirmed diagnosis of gastro-intestinal stromal tumor. The highest incidence was found in the 6th decade. The most common symptoms were abdominal pain and gastrointestinal bleed. Stomach was most frequent site for gastro-intestinal stromal tumors. Immunochemistry for CD-117 was positive in 93.18% cases. Majority of tumors (79.5%) had pure spindle cell morphology and mitotic activity showed that 34% of the GISTs were of the high risk group. Forty two patients were suggestive of surgery as the primary treatment after presentation. Conclusion Abdominal pain was the most common presenting complaint. Majority of the tumors aroused from the stomach. The majority of the tumors had pure spindle cell morphology and 93% of the tumors were CD-117 positive. A significant relationship between tumor size, tumor necrosis and mitotic activity with large tumors having necrosis and high mitotic rate having high risk of malignancy, was observed. Surgical resection is considered mainstay of treatment of gastro-intestinal stromal tumor. Imatinib therapy should be given to patients in moderate to severe risk categories.

Resumo Justificativa Este estudo define o perfil da doença na população do sul da Índia e determina os aspectos clínicos e patológicos dos tumores estromais gastrointestinais. Método Neste estudo prospectivo, os pacientes diagnosticados com tumor estromal gastrointestinl foram submetidos a um exame clínico completo, e uma série de dados dos pacientes, incluindo detalhes antropométricos e clínicos, foram analisados. Os dados patológicos incluíram tamanho do tumor, presença ou ausência de necrose, contagem mitótica e imuno-histoquímica para CD-117, CD-34. Resultados Havia 44 pacientes com diagnóstico confirmado de tumor estromal gastrointestinal. A maior incidência foi encontrada na 6ª década de vida. Os sintomas mais comuns foram dor abdominal e sangramento gastrointestinal. O estômago foi o local mais frequente para tumores estromais gastrointestinais. A imuno-histoquímica para CD-117 foi positiva em 93,18% dos casos. A maioria dos tumores (79,5%) apresentava morfologia pura de células fusiformes e a atividade mitótica mostrou que 34% dos GISTs pertenciam ao grupo de alto risco. Quarenta e dois pacientes receberam indicação para cirurgia como tratamento primário após a apresentação. Conclusão A dor abdominal foi a queixa mais comum. A maioria dos tumores afetava o estômago, apresentava morfologia pura de células fusiformes e 93% eram CD-117 positivos. Foi observada uma relação significativa entre o tamanho do tumor, a necrose tumoral e a atividade mitótica, com os tumores grandes apresentando necrose e alta taxa mitótica com alto risco de malignidade. A ressecção cirúrgica é considerada o principal tratamento do tumor estromal gastrointestinal. A terapia com imatinibe deve ser administrada a pacientes em categoria de risco de moderadas a grave.

A Study Of Sonographic Evaluation Of Fetal Femur Length For Estimation Of Gestational Age

Introduction: Accurate estimation of Gestational age is of great value in proper obstetric care and interventionduring pregnancy. Ultrasound has evolved as a reliable method for accurate measurement of gestational age bymeasuring various fetal biometric features like Crown Rump Length (CRL), Biparietal Diameter (BPD), Femurlength (FL), Abdominal Circumference (AC), Head Circumference (HC), Trans Cerebellar Diameter (TCD) etc. Femurbeing the longest bone in fetus, least movable and easily imagable from second trimester to delivery, can bemeasured for estimation of gestational age. The present study was performed to evaluate femur length in secondand third trimester by ultrasonography, assess gestational age from measurement of Femur Length (FL) anddetermine the accuracy of gestational age assessed by ultrasonography with gestational age assessed by LMPmethod in local population of Gujarat.Materials and Methods: Cross sectional study of total of 200 pregnant women, 100 second trimester and 100third trimester, between 13 and 40 weeks of gestational age attending the department of radiology at P.D.U.Medical college, Rajkot for a fetal ultrasound scan was done. Femur length (FL) was measured; Gestational agewas measured by Hadlock’s method and Loughna P et al’s method; also gestational age was assessed from LMPof the women. The mean values of femur length and predictive accuracy of fetal femur length was analyzed andcompared with other studies.Results: Mean of FL increased progressively from 13-40 weeks of gestation. During both second and third trimesters,Hadlock’s formula and Loughna P’s method were equally accurate to assess the gestational age. But femur lengthwas more accurate in second trimester than in third trimester. There was discrepancy in values of femur lengthas compared to other studies.Conclusion: Like other studies the present study also found the need of fetal charts that were specific for individualpopulation and ethnic group to determine gestational age and EDD to enable the development of better clinicalguidelines for the present population.

A study on the glycemic, lipid and blood pressure control among the type 2 diabetes patients of north Kerala, India

Aim The aim of the study was to detect the level of comprehensive diabetes control among the diabetic patients of Kerala, India. Methods Patients (1200) were randomly selected from a diabetes care center. Their blood sugar, biochemical and anthropometric measurements were done and statistically analyzed. Results Only 28.3% had their HbA1c at or below 7% and 45% above 9%. One-third of the female and one-fifth of the male patients had coronary artery disease. The prevalence of hypertension was almost equal in both sexes. However, there was a statistically significant higher systolic blood pressure (mean 162.12 mmHg vs 147.49 mmHg, p = 0.01044) among females. The total cholesterol was above 200 mg/dl in 42.1% of males and 45.61% of females. The triglyceride was >150 mg/dl in 38.6% males and 50.88% females. Low high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels were found in 20.07% of males and 41.12% of females (p = 0.0445). The mean low density lipoprotein (LDL) was 121.75 (± 32.29) Conclusion The mean blood sugar values are found to be high, which will lead to a predictable increase in vascular disease, which in turn will affect the quality of health and productivity of the individual and the economic growth of the society as a whole. Studies suggest that therapeutic interventions to improve glycemic control may reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease and microvascular disease. This study shows that the level of diabetes control in Kerala is unsatisfactory. We need more medications, better strategies and more emphasis on glycemic management than we are currently able to apply.

Morphological And Morphometrical Analysis Of Foramen Magnum: An Anatomical Study

Background: Foramen magnum (FM) is an important landmark of the skull base and is of particular interest foranthropology, anatomy, forensic medicine and other medical field. It is one of several oval or circular aperturesin the base of the skull, through which medulla oblongata is transmitted. Variations of the shape of FM have gotdiagnostic clinical and radiological importance. The dimensions of FM have clinical importance because thevital structures that pass through it may suffer compression as in cases of FM achondroplasia and FM brainherniation, so this study aimed to access its diameter and determining its various shape.Materials and Methods: Study sample consisted of 75 dry adult human skull of unknown sex, free from anypathology and collected from Department of Anatomy, P.D.U. Medical College, Rajkot, Gujarat and Americaninternational institute of medical sciences, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India.Results: The FM was observed to have round shape in 8%, egg shape in 9.33% tetragonal in 25.33%, oval in33.33%, irregular in 2.67%, hexagonal in 8% and pentagonal in13.33% of the cases. The mean antero-posteriorand transverse diameter of the FM was recorded as 34.00+/- 2.38 mm and 28.68+/-1.88 mm respectively. TheMaximum diameter of antero-posterior and transverse diameter was recorded 39.53mm and 32.14mmrespectively. The Minimum diameter of antero-posterior and transverse diameter was recorded 28.72 mm and23.54 mm respectively.Conclusion: Though the present study has a limitation as the exact age and sexes of skull were not determined,this study may provide an important reference and the measurements may be used as a data for the descriptionof normal morphological variants of FM. The present study will be of useful to the neurosurgeons and is alsohelpful to the anthropologists and clinical anatomists.

Study of Profunda Femoris Artery of Human Cadavers in Rajkot City, India.

Background: The profunda femoris artery is the major branch of the femoral artery. It is at critical place in relation to femoral artery for various interventions. Aim: To study the origin of profunda femoris artery. And to compare the cross sectional area of profunda femoris artery between right and left limbs. Material and methods: In this cross sectional study, 51 human femoral triangles from 26 (18 male and 08 female) human cadavers in P.D.U. Government Medical College, Rajkot were dissected and studied during regular dissection classes. Site of origin of profunda femoris artery was noted in relation to femoral artery. The distance of origin of profunda femoris artery from the midpoint of inguinal point was measured and noted. Circumference of profunda femoris artery at the level of origin was measured. The cross sectional area was calculated. Collected data was analyzed by standard statistical formulas with the help of Microsoft excel 2007 and Epi info TM 7 software. Result: Most common (52.95% cases) site of origin was posterolateral from femoral artery. The mean distance of origin of profunda femoris artery from the midpoint of inguinal ligament was 30.17 mm. There was no significant difference in cross sectional area of right and left profunda femoris artery (at 95% confidence interval) Conclusion: Profunda femoris artery is used for angiography, ultrasonography and cardiac catheterization also. It is the major blood supply of the thigh. Its relations with femoral artery, femoral vein and femoral nerve makes it important structure for clinicians. Variations in origin of profunda femoris artery must be considered to avoid complication like aneurism and faulty passage of the catheter. High origin of profunda femoris artery is more prone to damage while accessing femoral artery.

novel single-stage procedure for increasing the width of attached gingival and eliminating the aberrant frenal attachment

Common treatment for buccal gingival recession caused by an aberrant frenal attachment includes elimination of the frenum and treatment of the gingival recession by soft tissue graft to increase the width of the attached gingiva that in turn results in root coverage. Keratinised gingival, if present in adequate amount, maintains the gingival health by protecting the marginal gingiva. This not only considers the desires of the patient but also explores the potential regenerative capacity of the tissues. This report describes a novel single-stage procedure for increasing the width of the attached gingiva and eliminating the aberrant frenal attachment

Unicystic Ameloblastoma of The Mandible - A Case Report With Hemimandibulectomy.

Ameloblastoma is a true neoplasm of odontogenic epithelial origin. Its incidence, combined with its clinical behavior, makes ameloblastoma the most significant odontogenic neoplasm. Unicystic ameloblastoma refers to those cystic lesions that show clinical, radiographic or gross features of a jaw cyst but on histologic examination show a typical ameloblastomatous epithelium lining the cyst cavity, with or without luminal and/or mural tumor proliferation. As this tumor shows considerable similarities with dentigerous cysts, both clinically and radiographically the biologic behaviour of this tumor group was reviewed. Unicystic type has a considerably better overall prognosis and a much reduced incidence of recurrence compared with conventional ameloblastoma.

"Comparative Evaluation of Microleakage of Composite Restorative Materials".

To evaluate and compare the marginal leakage in class V cavities restored with three different tooth colored restorative materials using dye penetration system. Materials and methods: Thirty extracted premolars were randomly selected for this study. Standardized classV cavities were prepared and then divided into three equal groups. Group I was restored with nano filled composite, Group II was restored with hybrid composite and group III with polyacid modified composite. They were then subjected to thermo cycling, immersed in 2% methylene blue dye, sectioned and examined under stereomicroscope. Dye penetration for each section was recorded and data was analyzed. Results: Lowest micrileakage was recorded in group I and highest leakage recorded in Group III.Conclusion: Nanofilled composite resins provide a better sealing than hybrid and polyacid modified composites.

Extraction and purification of C-phycocyanin from dry Spirulina powder and evaluating its antioxidant, anticoagulation and prevention of DNA damage activity.

C-Phycocyanin (C-PC) is a phycobiliprotein found in blue green algae, such as Spirulina platensis, is often used as a dietary nutritional supplement and exhibit a variety of pharmacological properties. In this regard, extraction, partial purification and antioxidant, anticoagulation and prevention of DNA damage activity of C-PC was investigated. In the present study, a simple and efficient method to extract C-PC from Spirulina platensis dry powder is reported. The extractions were carried out using two different methods: cold maceration and sonication method. The extraction using cold maceration method proved to be the most efficient method. Obtained crud CPC was purified by ammonium sulphate precipitation, dialysis and gel filtration and presented a final extraction yield of 3.27±0.09 mg/ml with a purity ratio of 2.317±0.08. When it was evaluated as an antioxidant in vitro, it was able to scavenge nitric oxide. C-PC showed significant anticoagulation and prevention of DNA damage activity.

Pre-clinical toxicity & immunobiological evaluation of DNA rabies vaccine & combination rabies vaccine in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta).

Background & objectives: Pre-clinical toxicology evaluation of biotechnology products is a challenge to the toxicologist. The present investigation is an attempt to evaluate the safety profile of the first indigenously developed recombinant DNA anti-rabies vaccine [DRV (100 μg)] and combination rabies vaccine [CRV (100 μg DRV and 1.25 IU of cell culture-derived inactivated rabies virus vaccine)], which are intended for clinical use by intramuscular route in Rhesus monkeys. Methods: As per the regulatory requirements, the study was designed for acute (single dose - 14 days), sub-chronic (repeat dose - 28 days) and chronic (intended clinical dose - 120 days) toxicity tests using three dose levels, viz. therapeutic, average (2x therapeutic dose) and highest dose (10 x therapeutic dose) exposure in monkeys. The selection of the model i.e. monkey was based on affinity and rapid higher antibody response during the efficacy studies. An attempt was made to evaluate all parameters which included physical, physiological, clinical, haematological and histopathological profiles of all target organs, as well as Tiers I, II, III immunotoxicity parameters. Results: In acute toxicity there was no mortality in spite of exposing the monkeys to 10XDRV. In sub chronic and chronic toxicity studies there were no abnormalities in physical, physiological, neurological, clinical parameters, after administration of test compound in intended and 10 times of clinical dosage schedule of DRV and CRV under the experimental conditions. Clinical chemistry, haematology, organ weights and histopathology studies were essentially unremarkable except the presence of residual DNA in femtogram level at site of injection in animal which received 10X DRV in chronic toxicity study. No Observational Adverse Effects Level (NOAEL) of DRV is 1000 ug/dose (10 times of therapeutic dose) if administered on 0, 4, 7, 14, 28th day. Interpretation & conclusions: The information generated by this study not only draws attention to the need for national and international regulatory agencies in formulating guidelines for pre-clinical safety evaluation of biotech products but also facilitates the development of biopharmaceuticals as safe potential therapeutic agents.

Formulation and Dissolution Study of Valsartan Immediate Release Tablets.

In the present study, design of oral immediate release tablets of Valsartan by direct compression technique was carried out. The main aim and objective of the work is to formulate immediate release tablets using different direct compression vehicles (DCV’S) in different ratios. The main motive is to compare the dissolution profile of these formulations and conclude the best formulation which release drug at a faster rate. To determine the best fit dissolution profile for the dosage forms. Valsartan tablets were formulated by using microcrystalline cellulose (diluents), potato starch, acacia (binder) and magnesium stearate (lubricant). The granules were compressed into tablets and were subjected to dissolution studies. The dissolution profile of the formulation F2 was found to have better dissolution rate compared to others. The In-vitro dissolution studies of all the formulations were conducted and the results were obtained, it was concluded that formulation F2 was the best with fast release of drug compared to others.

In silico exploration of phenytoin binding site in two catalytic states of human P-glycoprotein models.

P-glycoprotein (P-gp), an ATP-dependant efflux pump transports a wide range of substrates across cellular membranes. Earlier studies have identified drug efflux due to the over-expression of P-gp as one of the causes for the resistance of phenytoin, an anti-epileptic drug (AED). While no clear evidence exists on the specific characteristics of phenytoin association with the human P-gp, this study employed structure-based computational approaches to identify its binding site and the underlying interactions. The identified site was validated with that of rhodamine, a widely accepted reference and an experimental probe. Further, an in silico proof-of-concept for phenytoin interactions and its decreased binding affinity with the closed-state of human P-gp model was provided in comparison with other AEDs. This is the first report to provide insights into the phenytoin binding site and possibly better explain its efflux by P-gp.

Morphometric study of mental foramina in dentate and edentulous human mandible in Gujarat Region.

Background & Objectives: will be useful for anatomists, anthropologists, aneasthetist, orthopedics and experts in the field of forensic medicine. The aim of the study was to examine the different morphometric variations of the human mandibles and comparing between dentate and edentulous mandibles is done. Methods: This study included only bone who exhibited no obvious bone pathology. All measurements were done bilaterally, performed with a stainless steel metric digital calliper with 0.01 mm precision. The relative position of the Mental foramena (MF)as analyzed with measurements made from nferior wall of mandible to the mandibular base, from anterior wall of mandible to the mandibular skeletal midline, from his posterior wall to the posterior mandibular rim. To determine this relation, the standard horizontal plane defined by Morrant was used. Briefly, the mandible was placed on a horizontal surface, to which the lower border of the mandible comes into greatest contact when vertical pressure is applied to the second molar teeth. Results: The most common location for the MF is a position aligned between second premolar and first molar (Rt. side 30% & Lt. Side 31%). Comparison of measurements of dentate and edentulous mandible is significnat on both sides. Conclusion: The knowledge of the distances from surgically encountered anatomical landmarks in the present study provide valuable information to dental surgeons that will facilitate effective localization of the neurovascular bundle passing through mental foramen thus avoiding complications from local anesthetic, surgical and other invasive procedures.

Correlation and regression analysis of stature in relation to head length in children.

Background & objective: Present study was carried out to find correlation and to derive a regression formula between head length and body height in Gujarat region. This is useful in anthropology, anatomy and forensic medicine. The material consists of 500 students from Gujarat. Methods: The age of subject was in the range of 8 to 18 years.The length of head was measured between two craniometric points, glabella and opisthocranion. Spreading caliper was used to measure head length. Height of the subject was measured with standard Height measuring instrument subject in anatomical position. Measurements were taken at fixed time to avoid diurnal variation. Results: The result obtained was analyzed and attempt was made to derive a formula between head length and total height of an individual. The result shows that there is a Moderate correlation between head length and height of an individual. Interpretation & conclusion: In present study the correlation co-efficient between height and head length is +0.30 Which is moderately significant and p value <0.05 and regression formula obtained is Y= 12.33 +7.75X.

Effect of nitrogen sources on the production of invertase by yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae 3090.

Invertase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae is high cost enzyme and primarily used in the confectionary industry. For large scale production of the enzyme, feasible synthetic medium with appropriate supplemented nutrients are required. The effect of carbon source on invertase production is well known, but little is known about the effect of different nitrogen source. The aim of the present study is to see the effect of different nitrogen sources on the production of invertase in submerged fermentation by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. It was found that when urea as nitrogen source is added in a little amount to the fermentation medium it showed a marked increase in Invertase production.

Antimicrobial Activity of Extracellularly Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles using Lactobacillus Species Obtained from VIZYLAC Capsule.

The development of green experimental processes for the synthesis of nanoparticles is a need in the field of nanotechnology. In present study deals with the extracellular biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using VIZYLAC capsule containing about 106 Lactobacillus. Two different Species of Lactobacillus obtained from VIZYLAC capsule were used for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles. Silver nanoparticles were formed by treatment of aqueous solution of AgNO3 (1mM) with supernatant obtained from 24 hour grown culture of Lactobacillus Spp. The synthesis of silver nanoparticles was achieved within 3 days of incubation. UV-visible specrophotometric analysis was carried out to assess the formation of silver nanoparticles. Silver nanoparticles were further characterized using Nanoparticle Tracking Analyzer (NTA), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Energy Dispersisve X-ray Spectrum (EDX). Synthesized silver nanoparticles showed antibacterial activity against hospital isolate of Proteus mirabilis (Multiple Drug Resistent), Salmonella typhi, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The antifungal activity was checked against Candida albicans (hospital isolate) and Aspergillus niger (NCIM 616). The extracellular synthesis of size and shape controlled, monodispersed silver nanoparticles using Lactobacillus species appears to be cost effective and eco-friendly.

Studies on the prescriptions of cardio vascular units.

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the major contributors to the global burden of chronic diseases. In India CVD is projected to be the largest cause of death and disability by 2020. Hypertension is the commonest CVD affecting at least 20% of adult population. It is one of the major chronic diseases resulting in high mortality and morbidity in today’s world. The prevalence of CVD in the state of Kerala was found in the cross section of the society by the research group in an earlier study on prevalence of hypertension. A plethora of new drugs are now available and the quality of life for these patients has considerably improved. In the present investigation, the prescribing attitude of various physicians was reviewed carefully. The available medical records and the prescriptions of the Cardiology unit were reviewed to study the prescribing pattern and drug therapy for CVD. The various aspects studied were; the diagnosis and preliminary investigations conducted for the patients, Mean Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP), Mean Diastolic Blood Pressure (DBP), the investigation reports of lipid profiles, Mean Total Cholesterol and Mean HDL Cholesterol levels, advises made with regard to other investigations like ECG, TMT, Echo etc and type of drugs prescribed including cases of combination therapy in first visit and subsequent revisits. Prevalence of diabetes was also studied in CVD patients. The prescribing pattern for hypertension reveals that single drug therapy was mostly preferred. The most commonly preferred and prescribed drugs (MCPP) were Amlodipine, Atenolol, and Losartan Potassium etc. However combination therapy (CT) was also observed. The most commonly preferred and prescribed combinations were Atenolol+Amlodipine, Enalapril+Hydrochlorothiazide, Frusemide+Spironolactone. The various classes of drugs include ACE inhibitors, Beta-Blockers, Nitrates, and Diuretics etc. Aspirin was prescribed for 40 to 50% of patients. Despite the proven benefits of Aspirin therapy in the primary and secondary prevention of CVD, the prescribing pattern still remains little suboptimal. The Biochemical investigation reports of the lipid profile reveal that a considerable number of patients were found to have dislipidemia. Statins and Fibrates were mostly prescribed for lowering low density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (LDL-C) and improving High density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (HDL-C) levels. The study reveals that there is a considerable extent of CVD risk factors in the studied cross section of the community.

Pharmacognostical standardization and toxicity profile of the methanolic leaf extract of Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour) Spreng.

The present investigation was intended to evaluate the toxicity of the methanolic leaf extract of a traditionally used plant Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour) Spreng. Plant material was analysed for various pharmacognostical parameters as per WHO guidelines procedure i.e., foreign matter, microscopical sections, loss on drying, water and alcoholic extractive values, Total ash, acid soluble ash, heavy metals, phytochemical analysis and toxicity studies. Acute & Sub acute toxicity of the methanolic extract was evaluated in albino mice (Female) after ingestions of the extract during one day (Acute model) and during 28days (sub acute model).The studies on sub acute toxicity reveals that no mortalities or evidence of adverse effects have been observed in Albino mice following acute oral administration at the highest dose of 2000mg/kg crude extracts of Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour) Spreng. Similarly, in sub-acute toxicity study methanolic extract 200,400 mg/kg body wt of Plectranthus amboinicus did not cause any changes in hematological and biochemical parameters. Studies on histopathological examination of vital organs showed normal architecture suggesting no morphological disturbances. Plectranthus amboinicus (Lour) Spreng can be considered as safe as it did not cause either any lethality or adverse changes in the general behavior in mice.