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Background: Pre-eclampsia is a multi-system, pregnancy specific disorder that is characterized by the development of hypertension and proteinuria after 20 weeks. Pre-eclampsia is the majority of referrals to tertiary care centre. It is one of the major causes of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality.Methods: A retrospective analytical study done over a period of six months from January 1st 2023 to June 30th 2023. Pregnant women admitted with PE with severe features to Cheluvamba hospital, MMCRI, Mysore during the study were considered and analysed using the proforma. Data was entered into Microsoft excel data sheet and was analyzed. Categorical data was represented in the form of Frequencies and proportionsResults: Incidence of PE with severe features in our hospital was 3.4%. Majority (69%) were between 23-27 years of age and 52.7% were primigravida. Maternal complications were noted in 37.5% attributed to renal dysfunction, postpartum haemorrhage, DIC, placental abruption, HELLP, pulmonary oedema and postpartum eclampsia.Conclusions: Maternal and perinatal complications are more in patients with severe pre-eclampsia. The incidence of severe pre-eclampsia can be reduced by early referral, better antenatal care, early recognition and treatment of pre-eclampsia
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Human-wildlife conflict (HWC) is a growing concern, impacting both conservation efforts and livelihoods. This study was conducted to analyse trends in wildlife conflicts involving agriculture, cattle, and human injuries from 2015-16 to 2022-23 with a focus on the Kali Tiger Reserve in Karnataka, India. The compound annual growth rate (CAGR) method was used to assess the data, revealing critical insights. Agriculture-wildlife conflict showed an overall upward trend with a CAGR of 3.16 per cent. Notably, there was a significant increase in 2016-17, followed by fluctuations in subsequent years. This conflict arises due to natural habitat fragmentation and deterioration resulting animals encroaching on agricultural fields. Cattle-wildlife conflict exhibited a CAGR of 8.20 per cent, indicating a gradual increase with fluctuating cases from year to year. Tigers and leopards pose a threat to farmers who graze cattle near the forest reserves. Innovative solutions are required to balance the synergy of agriculture production and wildlife management policy. Human injuries due to wildlife displayed fluctuations, with a slight overall decrease (CAGR -0.47%) in the number of cases and an increase of 2.66 per cent in compensation. These incidents occur when people venture into forests for various reasons. Proper regulations and permissions are necessary to minimize such encounters. Overall compensation payments showed a CAGR of 5.83 per cent, reflecting fluctuating growth rates and significant changes in 2022-23. The forest and wildlife conservation sectors determine compensation based on specific factors for crop loss, cattle deaths, and human injuries. However, conflicts related to human injuries have shown a declining trend. The study suggests relocating rehabilitation efforts away from forest buffer zones and introducing off farm activities for affected communities to reduce their dependence on the forest.
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A field experiment was conducted during rabi 2022 at Block D of the College Farm, Agriculture College, Naira. The experiment was laid out in Split-plot design with three main plots.M1:100% RDF (180-60-60 NPK Kg ha-1) + FYM @10 t ha-1, M2:75% RDF (135-45-45 NPK Kg ha-1) + FYM @10 t ha-1. M3:0% RDF- Control and four sub-plotsS1: Liquid azospirllum+PSB+KRB+ZnSB+@1.25 L ha-1 each at knee high stage, S2: Vermiwash spraying twice @5% at knee high and tasseling to silking stages, S3: Panchagavya spraying twice @3% at knee high and tasseling to silking stages andS4: Drava Jeevamrutham spraying twice @10% at knee high and tasseling to silking stages Results revealed that 100% RDF (180-60-60 NPK Kg ha-1) + FYM @10 t ha-1 (M1) recorded maximum fresh cob yield (16409 kg ha-1) and stover yield (17481 kg ha-1). Among the subplots: Liquid azospirllum+ PSB+ KRB+ ZnSB+@1.25 L ha-1 (S1) recorded maximum fresh cob yield (14091 kg ha-1) and stover yield (15623 kg ha-1). The interaction effect of different doses of RDF and liquid biofertilizers on fresh cob yield, stover yield and HI was found to be nonsignificant. Hence, it can be concluded that different doses of RDF and liquid biofertilizers are advantageous for weet corn cultivation on sandy loam soils of North costal region.
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A well-centered, adequately sized continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis (CCC) is a prerequisite for successful cataract surgery. A perfect capsulorhexis ensures safe and effective performance of various steps of surgery as well as a correctly positioned intraocular lens (IOL) with optimal rotational stability. Ganesh and Grewal (GG) cystitome maker is a step toward standardizing the creation of a cystitome to reduce variations and complications associated with the crucial step of CCC in cataract surgery. We conducted a study to measure the repeatability and precision of cystitomes made by the GG cystitome maker versus those made manually with a needle holder. The results showed that the cystitomes made with GG cystitome maker had a lesser degree of variation. This indicates a more repeatable cystitome, which will inadvertently help in reducing the error caused by the instrument in making a good CCC during cataract surgery.
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Background: Bibliometric studies help in quantifying the pattern of research published in a particular area of interest to get the measure of research productivity. In this context, we analyzed the dental and COVID-19 re-search papers published from December 2019 to January 2021 globally. Method: The articles were retrieved from the PubMed and WHO COVID -19 databases using MeSH terms and keywords. The data downloaded as excel and extracted bibliometric information’s and analyzed using Epi-info (7.2) software. Result: We obtained 800 research articles after removing duplicates and non-relevant articles from 1,823 ar-ticles from these two databases. The articles were published by 475 institutions in 62 countries. Among the listed countries, more publications were done by the United States of America (USA) (n=135;16.8%). The ma-jority of the papers were published in June 2020 (n=114). The King's College London had the most number of publications (n=15; 1.9%). The majority of the articles were original articles (n=592; 74%). Conclusion: The study reports a gradual increase in publications over the months and a slowing down at the end of the year. The countries such as the USA, England, Italy, and China published more articles and this cor-relates with the number of covid-19 cases.
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‘Sickle hepatopathy’ is a condition which is seen in only 10% cases of sickle cell disease (SCD). Sickle hepatopathy could be due to acute sickle crisis, sequestration, cholangiopathy, severe intrahepatic cholestasis or as a result of chronic blood transfusion related infection and hemosiderosis. Differentiating the cause for hepatopathy in SCD is challenging. Hepatopathy manifestation can range from mild liver function test abnormality to life threatening fulminant hepatic failure. Hence, demanding prompt recognition and management. Here we reported a one such case of 13 year old male with progressing jaundice and bony pain with swelling of lower limbs was diagnosed as SCD with right proximal tibia sickle osteomyelitis and left knee septic arthritis with hepatopathy who was managed with supportive care and surgical intervention.
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Lamaze technique supports, sustains and safeguards sound, and healthy pregnancy, and safe birthing. The objective of this study was to compare the impact of Lamaze technique on duration of labour and neonatal outcomes among primigravid and multigravida women. A parallel group prospective randomised controlled trial was adapted where eligible primigravid & multigravida women were randomised into intervention and standard care groups at an antenatal outpa- tient clinic of a secondary healthcare institution. Women in the intervention group were trained on Lamaze breathing techniques at 36 weeks of gestation and were advised to practice these twice daily. Instructions were given to continue during the active phase of the first stage of labour under the supervision of labour room nurses. Compliance was monitored with help of a daily log along with the daily foetal movement count (Sadovsky method, as advised by obstetrician). The mean duration of labour in the intervention group for primigravid women was 5.5127'plusmn; 1.998 hours and that for multigravid women 3.3704'plusmn;1.584 hours whereas in standard care group it was 7.238'plusmn;3.678 hours and 4.2899'plusmn;2.182 hours respectively. The mean duration of labour for women in the intervention group was less compared to standard care group F(1)= 133.800, p 'lt;0.001. Two- way ANOVA revealed significant difference in gestational age at birth [F(1)= 0.020, p=0.887] and mean birth weight [F(1)=0.854, p=0.411] between primigravid and multigravid women. The current research concludes that Lamaze techniques when taught during the antenatal period facilitates natural childbirth by shortening the duration of labour and escalates its progress.
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Organic agriculture is growing rapidly as an alternative strategy to modern farming methods. India is home to 30% of total organic producers in the world having 2.30 million hectares. There has been a gradual increase in organic agricultural land in all the regions. According to the latest FIBL survey on organic agriculture worldwide, organic farming increases by 1.1 million hectares. Many countries are now focusing on organic farming because of healthy crops, fruits, vegetables that are produced purely by organic means, free from any harmful chemical fertilizers and pesticides and also eco- friendly. Organic farming is another way to overcome the problem of sustainability, global warming and food security.The present study attempts to analyse the Growth and Status of Organic Farming in India and Global level.
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Abstract Introduction: Schwannomas are tumous that arise from Schwann cells. Schwannoma is one of the differential diagnosis for lateral neck swelling. Objective: In this study, we aim to describe the incidence, presenting clinical features and management of extracranial, non-vestibular schwannomas of head and neck region, along with the review of the literature. Methods: Patients treated at our tertiary care hospital for head and neck schwannomas for the past 15 years were included in the study. A review of literature on the extracranial head and neck schwannoma was also done. Results: Twenty-five cases were assessed in this study. Nineteen cases presented as a neck swelling during the initial evaluation. Vagus nerve was the most common nerve of origin, followed by the cervical sympathetic plexus. A rare presentation arising from brachial plexus C5 nerve root was also encountered. A few rare cases of schwannomas arose from the nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, and oral cavity. Surgical excision was done in all the cases with histopathology suggestive of schwannoma. The nerve of origin of the tumor was identified in nineteen patients. Among them, 11 (58%) were from the vagus nerve, 7 (37%) from the cervical sympathetic chain, and 1 (4%) from the brachial plexus C5 nerve root. Conclusion: A long-standing unilateral neck mass is the most common presenting complaint in head and neck schwannoma. The diagnosis is mainly based on clinical features and investigations such as imaging. The mainstay of treatment is complete surgical excision. The diagnosis is confirmed on the histopathological study after excision of the lesion. Due to the proximity of the tumor with the involved nerve, palsy may occur. Hence, an accurate preoperative diagnosis of schwannoma is essential.
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Purpose: Since the start of the COVID?19 pandemic, various manifestations have been reported, including ophthalmic symptoms, especially with the different mutations and variants that have occurred over the last few years. In view of this, our study was conducted to gauge the knowledge, attitude, and practices of patients toward the ophthalmic manifestations of COVID?19. Methods: This was a hospital?based, cross?sectional, observational study. Patients who had tested positive for COVID?19 were asked to answer a detailed questionnaire about their knowledge of COVID?19 ophthalmic symptoms, their experience with the symptoms, and their attitude and practice toward the same. The data collected was analyzed using Microsoft Excel, and the Chi?squared test was used to determine significant differences in the results among different demographic profiles. Results: Our study found that 82 (39%) of the 210 participants were aware that COVID?19 could present with symptoms in the eyes. A total of 47 participants had experienced eye symptoms of COVID?19. Among them, only 15 (31.91%) consulted and received treatment from an ophthalmologist or general physician for the same. Most of them (59.57%) did not seek any treatment, and 8.5% self?medicated or used non?allopathic forms of medicine. The most common symptom was redness of the eyes, reported by 57.44% of those who had eye symptoms. Conclusion: Most people were unaware of ocular manifestations of COVID?19 and most of those who were aware were medical professionals. Amongst those who developed symptoms, only a minority sought medical treatment.
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In the last few decades, hydroxyapatite (HA) has become one of the most highly prized biominerals in the biomedical industry for orthopedic and dental applications. The focus of this research was to synthesize biomimetic HA from Tridax procumbens (TP) leaf extract and investigate their antibiofilm properties. The HA was made using the sol-gel method and the HA-TP biocomposite was made by precipitation method. The d.nm size of HA and HA-TP biocomposite was determined as 193.28 and 258.14 d.nm, respectively. The zeta potential of HA and HA-TP biocomposite was determined as ?21.2 and ?18.3 mV, respectively, and found highly stable. The FTIR study revealed that phytochemicals of TP were successfully impregnated into HA-TP biocomposite. The HA and HA-TP biocomposite were found spherical and agglomerated from SEM analysis. In HR-TEM analysis, the average diameter of the HA and HA-TP biocomposite were 16.57 – 64.22 nm and 51.71 – 138.68 nm, respectively. According to the EDX analysis, HA is primarily composed of calcium, oxygen, and phosphate, whereas, HA-TP biocomposite is primarily composed of calcium, phosphate, oxygen, and carbon. In the antioxidant assay, the IC50 value (concentration required to scavenge 50% of free radicals) of HA-TP biocomposite was determined as 156.69 ± 14.02 and 180.21 ± 12.84 µg/mL in DPPH and ABTS free radical scavenging assays, respectively. The MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) and MBC (minimum bactericidal concentration) of as-synthesized HA-TP biocomposite against Staphylococcus aureus – ATCC 13565 and Escherichia coli – MTCC 41 were observed as 181.09 ± 21.47 and 317.30 ± 41.03, and 157.59 ± 32.18 and 264.03 ± 21.58 µg/mL, respectively. The as-synthesized HA-TP biocomposite has detrimentally affected the biofilm formation of both the tested bacteria S. aureus – ATCC 13565 and E. coli – MTCC 41. The study concluded that the as-synthesized HA-TP biocomposite could be highly helpful in the biomedical field for alleviating oxidative-stress-related disorders and inhibiting microbial biofilm formation.
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Introduction: A Doppler ultrasound is a noninvasive test that can be used to estimate the blood flow through the blood vessels by bouncing high-frequency sound waves (ultrasound) off circulating red blood cells. Objective of current study was to determine and compare accuracy of various Doppler parameters for perinatal outcome - Umbilical artery (UA), middle cerebral artery (MCA), and ductus venosus (DV) for predicting adverse perinatal outcome in patients of intrauterine growth retardation. Materials and methods: A total of 172 singleton pregnancies between 33 to 36 weeks of gestation complicated by intrauterine growth restriction were prospectively examined with Doppler ultrasound of the umbilical artery, middle cerebral artery and ductus venosus. Patients kept under surveillance till confinement. According to increasing severity of Doppler indices categorized the cases into six grades from grade 0 to grade 5.Duration of this study was two years, from December 2019 to November 2021. Results: Out of 172 cases, 146 were live born and 26 were neonatal death. There were 7 cases of intrauterine death of fetuses and 5 were still born. Out of the live born 27 had increased perinatal morbidity like poor APGAR score, development of necrotizing enterocolitis, hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy, meconium aspiration syndrome, hyperbilirubinemia, and prolonged admission in neonatal care unit for reasons like sepsis / birth asphyxia. Conclusion: Absent end diastolic flow (EDF) / reversal in umbilical artery had high positive predictive value in predicting adverse fetal outcome. Ductus venosus changes seem to be an ominous sign of a severely compromised fetus with poor perinatal outcome. Doppler investigation of the MCA, UA and DV plays an important role in monitoring the compromised fetuses and helps to determine the optimal time of delivery.
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Introduction: Infertility is a leading psychosocial problem in couples. Diagnostic evaluation of uterine tube is important in the management of infertility. Causes or factors of female infertility can basically be classified regarding whether they are acquired or genetic, age, smoking, sexually transmitted infections (STIs), adhesions in the peritoneal cavity, previous abdomen surgeries, diabetes mellitus, smoking, alcohol, celiac disease, liver and kidney disease and being overweight or underweight can all affect fertility. Proper evaluation of the infertility is needed for better management of the cases of infertility. Aim of the study: To assess the efficacy of Sonosalpingography (SSG) and Hysterosalpingography (HSG) in the diagnosis and management of infertility. Materials and methods: A total 75 cases attending the department with complaint of infertility. Cases between ages 21 years and 44 years were recruited for this study. Duration of this study was two years, from June 2016 to May 2018. All the cases were undergone with baseline transabdominal sonogram, real time transvaginal sonography and saline infusion sonography to examine pelvic region of the cases. All the participants had to undergo SSG on 8th day and HSG on 10th day of the menstrualcycle. Data was collected and sensitivity and specificity of SSG over HSG was assessed. Statistical analysis was done by using SPSS software version 14.0. Results: Diagnosis by SSG showed bilateral tubal patency in 83.93% cases and by HSG showed bilateral tubal patency in 75% cases. SSG and HSG both correlated well (95.3%) and both procedures had similar diagnostic accuracy. In this study, positive predictive value was 95.2% and negative predictive value was 94.6%. Sensitivity was 98.3%, specificity 85.6% and accuracy rate of this study was 95.8%. The outcome of this study indicates that there is no statistically significant difference (p=0.338) between the values of SSG and HSG. Conclusion: SSG is cost effective and radiation free procedure. The outcome of SSG is almost similar to the values of HSG.
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Background: The presence or absence of Intellectual Disability(ID) has been recognized as one of the strongest determinant of outcomes for individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder(ASD). Behavioural problems which are commonly reported in autism may be related to core features of autism, comorbid diagnoses or symptoms . There is paucity of Indian studies on prevalence of ASD among children diagnosed with ID and also the prevalence of behaviour problems in this population. This study was conducted with the objectives to assess the prevalence of ASD in the intellectually disabled, as well as the associated comorbidity patterns. Methodology: It was a cross sectional study including 122 children with mild/moderate Intellectual Disability between 6 to 18 years. Indian Scale for Assessment of Autism(ISAA), Behaviour Problems Inventory(BPI) was administered and questions were asked to know medical symptoms. Results: Prevalence of co-morbid ASD in children with ID was with 16.39%. Children with ASD had higher behavioural problems (p=0.001), higher medical complaints like GI symptoms (constipation p=0.001, bloating p=0.03, abdominal pain p=0.03) and seizure (p=0.002). Behaviour problems were higher in children with more severe autism scores. Conclusion: There is a notable prevalence of ASD in children with ID. These children tend to have higher behavioural problems and co-morbid medical issues which needs clinical attention for better overall management of these children.
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The liver is a unique organ as it is connected in series between the portal system and the lung. In patients with chronic liver disease with portal hypertension, constituents of venous blood arising from both the liver and portal system can directly injure the pulmonary vascular endothelium. Pulmonary vascular complications in chronic liver disease with portal hypertension have long been documented in the form of Porto Pulmonary Hypertension (POPH) and hepatopulmonary syndrome (HPS), contributing to morbidity and mortality of patients. Porto pulmonary hypertension is still underdiagnosed entity in patients diagnosed with cirrhosis of liver. We assessed 42 patients with chronic liver disease with portal hypertension 2D Echo Cardiography and doppler study. In our study we observed 15 patients had pulmonary artery hypertension and these patients had mild to moderate TR. Most of our patients with pulmonary hypertension presented with exertional dyspnea.
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Introduction: There is a constant change in the order of etiologies causing Malabsorption syndromes in India. Establishing the etiology of this challenging clinical disorder requires judicious use of a wide array of tests. Implementation of preventive health measures and improved sanitation may have changed the etiology of mal absorption syndrome. Aim: This study was aimed to document the recent etiologies of malabsorption syndromes and also to compare the features that differentiate tropical sprue from celiac disease, the recent two most common etiologies of mal absorption seen at our centre. Materials and methods: Patients seen at our centre with malabsorption syndromes from February 2016 to November 2018 were included in this study. The etiological, clinical and investigation details were recorded on uniform structured data forms. The data obtained was statistically analyzed. Results: Out of the 300 patients screened, 200 patients were included in the study; the other 100 patients were not included as they did not fit in to the inclusion criteria for malabsorption syndrome. Of these 200, 22 (11%) patients were in the age group between 13-19 years. Tropical malabsorption (n=82) was the common cause of MAS followed by celiac disease (n=42). 35 of 42 patients (83.3%) with celiac disease, who underwent test for anti-endomysial antibody, had positive result followed by giardiasis and other diseases. Of the remaining seven patients, four had low level of serum IgA, one had anti-tTG antibody and others had anti-gliadin antibody in serum. Two patients with strongyloidosis, Two patients with Chron’s and one patient with IPSID died. Frequency of recurrence Akula Sanjeevaiah, Akula Sushmitha, Thota Srikanth. Recent etiologies of Malabsorption syndrome among adults and features differentiating celiac disease and tropical malabsorption. IAIM, 2019; 6(3): 325-331. Page 326 after successful treatment was comparable among patients with celiac disease and tropical malaabsorption (two patients each) during a follow up period of 13.7 ± 16.1 and 14.7 ± 10.5 months, respectively. Conclusion: In the present study, tropical malabsorption and celiac disease were the most common causes of mal-absorption syndrome followed by giardiasis, AIDS and tuberculosis.
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Background: The high prevalence of DM may be due to rapid urbanization of the suburban regions. India is also at an early stage of epidemiological transition from communicable to non-communicable diseases because of the gradual adoption of unhealthy lifestyles characterized by increasing intake of high calorie-dense foods and decreased physical inactivity. Aim: To evaluate the prevalence of DM and its associated factors among individuals aged above 15 years. Materials and methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in our hospital for a period of 4 months January-April, 2018 in Department of General Medicine. The sample size was 250 subjects. Informed verbal consent was gathered from each participant. Study done in department of general medicine in subjects identified with hypoglycemia, impaired fasting glucose (IFG), and diabetes were selected for study. Results: A total of 250 participants were included in the study. The prevalence of DM was found to be 6.4%. About one third (32%) of the total (250) participants said that they were frequent alcohol drinkers, whereas 1.2% (3/250) of them reported that they were ex-drinkers. Out of the total study participants, 6.4% of them had ≥126 mg/dl fasting blood glucose level. Conclusion: Age, waist circumference, hypertension, BMI, smoking habit and total cholesterol are significant in prevalence of diabetes mellitus.
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BACKGROUND: To evaluate the versatility and reach of modified nasolabial flap used in reconstruction of defects created in and around the oral cavity. METHODS: A total number of 20 cases were selected. Out of which 13 were males and 7 females. The age of these patients ranged from 24–63 years. 29 modified nasolabial flaps were raised in twenty patients. Based on clinical and histopathological examination, out of 20 patients, 14 patients were diagnosed with oral submucous fibrosis, 3 with verrucous carcinoma, 1 with squamous papilloma, 1 with oro-antral fistula and 1 with traumatic loss of lower lip. RESULTS: Minimum preoperative interincisal distance (IID) was 0 mm and maximum was 15 mm with mean of 6.00±4.76 mm in patients with oral submucous fibrosis and 12 months postoperatively minimum IID was 16 mm and maximum was 41 mm with mean of 28.00±8.96 mm. In one case, dehiscence (3.4%) was noted on the anterior tip for which tip revision was done. Bulky appearance of the flap intraorally was observed in 2 cases (6.9%). Five (17.2%) among the 29 flaps had visible scar at the donor site postoperatively up to 3 months. CONCLUSION: Numerous reconstructive techniques have been employed in the reconstruction of small to intermediate sized defects of oral cavity. Modified nasolabial flap is a versatile flap which has robust vascularity and can be successfully used with minimal complications. It can be rotated intraorally to extend from the soft palate to the lip. Thus, it can be used efficiently to treat the small defects of the oral cavity as well as recreating lost lip structure.
Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Carcinoma, Verrucous , Cicatrix , Fistula , Lip , Mouth , Oral Submucous Fibrosis , Palate, Soft , Papilloma , Precancerous Conditions , Plastic Surgery Procedures , Surgery, Oral , Surgical Flaps , Tissue DonorsABSTRACT
The lumbar sympathetic ganglion block (LSGB) is widely used for diagnosing and treating sympathetically maintained pain disorders. The LSGB has been conventionally carried out under fluoroscopy or computed tomography guidance. However, as ultrasound technology improved, ultrasound-guided interventions have been expanding their territory to deeper structures. Ultrasound guidance provides many benefits including protecting vascular injection, shortening procedure time in some cases, and reducing the emission of radiation. In this report, we describe a successful case of a US-guided LSGB without major complications. We expect that US-guided LSGBs can be implemented and furnished in the daily outpatient clinical setting by highly trained pain physicians.
Subject(s)
Humans , Fluoroscopy , Ganglia, Sympathetic , Neuralgia , Outpatients , Psoas Muscles , UltrasonographyABSTRACT
From advances in X-ray film and cassettes to the launch of computers and digital images, diagnostic imaging has never stopped reinventing its technology to improve patient care. Today, diagnostic imaging is on the cusp of meteoric growth in an arena known as fusion imaging. This technology melds two independent imaging modalities---- typically a procedure that demonstrates an organ’s function with one that potray the organ’s anatomy---- to produce a diagnostically and clinically superior study