ABSTRACT
Objectives: Medical education has undergone significant changes all over the world and patient safety is one of the main reasons for the changes. The new competency-based medical curriculum in India also emphasises early clinical exposure along with the acquisition of competent and verifiable skills. The objective of this study was as follows: (1) to introduce the 1st year medical students to simulation-based learning (SBL) to develop their knowledge, skills, and communication and meet the desired learning objectives without exposing subjects to any harm and gain valuable immersive experience that felt real and (2) to obtain students feedback about SBL in learning applied aspects of physiology. Materials and Methods: The study was approved by the Institutional Ethical Committee. A total of 132 1st year medical students were divided into six batches and each batch was exposed to a pre-test, simulation exercise, a debriefing session, post-test, and feedback. Descriptive analysis of the data was done and values were expressed as mean and standard deviation. The McNemar test was used to study the effectiveness of SBL. Results: The average pre-test and post-test correct responses were 64.6% and 77.5%, respectively. This difference was found to be highly significant with P < 0.001. The mean pre-test score and post-test scores were 6.46 ± 1.39 and 7.75 ± 1.52, respectively, with P < 0.001. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Positive feedback was received from the students with 86.8% of them strongly agreeing to the incorporation of simulation-based activities in the curriculum. About 76.7% strongly agreed to a self-perceived increase in their decision-making, communication, and teamwork skills. Perception of the simulation as a realistic experience was perceived by 74.4% of the students. Conclusion: SBL is an effective tool for learning applied physiology and was viewed by the students with interest. It also enhanced their understanding of the pathophysiological basis of the clinical scenario.
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Background: Coronary artery diseases (CADs) contribute to the majority of deaths and disabilities worldwide. People who have suffered an acute myocardial infarction (AMI) are at a higher risk of having a further attack. Hence, prolonged secondary prevention is necessary following index myocardial infarction (MI) for long-term cardiovascular protection as it reduces the morbidity and mortality associated with reinfarction, improves the quality of life, and is cost-effective. Methods: An observational, ambidirectional study was carried out in a tertiary care hospital for 6 months. A total of 200 patients above 18 years of age with a confirmed diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) or chronic coronary syndrome (CCS) were included in the study. Prospective data were collected using a self-designed patient profile form and by interviewing patients in the cardiac outpatient department while retrospective data were collected from the medical records department of the hospital. Results and conclusion: Sex-wise distribution showed that males and females constituted 79 and 21% of the study participants, respectively, while the age-wise distribution revealed that the majority of patients were in the age-group of 60 years and above (63.5%). Hypertension and diabetes mellitus were the most common comorbid conditions, while dyslipidemia was the least observed comorbidity. Prescription adherence to secondary prevention guideline recommendations was studied, which revealed that 26.5% of the prescriptions were adherent to all four guideline recommendations. On evaluating adherence to pharmacotherapy, the maximum proportion of patients demonstrated moderate adherence (45%).
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Cherubism is an autosomal dominant fibro-osseous lesion of jaws involving more than one quadrant that stabilizes after growth period, usually leaving some facial deformity and malocclusion.Here we present a case of 7 years old male patient who came with complaint of bilateral enlargement of lower face since 4 years. A thorough physical and radiographic examination was done and a diagnosis of cherubism was made.
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Objectives: Folic acid is a vitamin which belongs to the B-complex group. It is critical to cellular division and new cell production because it is an essential co-factor in DNA synthesis. Repair and maintenance of periodontal tissue generates a high turnover rate of squamous epithelium. Without folic acid, epithelial cells do not divide properly. Cigarette smoking is one of the factors that affect the folic acid levels. The aim of this study was to compare the serum folic acid levels in patients with chronic periodontal disease in relation to the patients’ smoking habits. Materials and Methods: A total of 60 subjects were included in the study with 30 subjects in each of the following groups, I - patients who have chronic periodontitis and are smokers and II - patients who have chronic periodontitis and are non-smokers. Clinical parameters like gingival index (GI), plaque index (PI), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD) and clinical gingival attachment levels (CAL) were recorded for all the patients. Blood was collected and tested in the laboratory for folic acid levels using a fully automated serum analyser. The results were statistically analysed. Results: The results suggested that serum folic acid levels of smokers were significantly lower than that of non-smokers (p < 0.05). PI, PD and CAL means were significantly higher in Group I (chronic periodontitis and smokers) than Group II (chronic periodontitis and non-smokers). GI and BOP was lower in smokers. Conclusion: Among patients with periodontal disease the serum folic acid level is lower in smokers compared with non-smokers.
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The mucoepidermoid carcinoma (MEC) account for approximately 6-8 Percent of all salivary gland tumors. Central mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the jaws is rare. Following is a case report of central mucoepidermoid carcinoma which involves the ramus of the mandible. Origin of the central mucoepidermoid carcinoma is discussed.
Subject(s)
Aged , Carcinoma, Mucoepidermoid/pathology , Cell Transformation, Neoplastic , Humans , Male , Mandibular Neoplasms/pathology , Salivary Gland Neoplasms/pathologyABSTRACT
Osteosarcoma, either primary or metastatic, rarely involves the jaws. Though only a few cases of mandibular metastasis of osteosarcoma have been reported, only one case of et al maxillary involvement (Singh, 1978) has been reported. A case of 21 year old boy with metastasis of osteosarcoma to the right maxilla from primary osteosarcoma of the left femur is presented. The patient complained of pain and swelling in the left maxillary region which was earlier diagnosed as maxillary sinusitis on the basis of Water's sinus radiograph in a medical hospital. Further radiographic examination with the panoramic and intraoral periapical radiographs done by us and later by fine needle aspiration cytology led us to diagnose a secondary deposits of osteosarcoma.