The effect of oxygenated water in Diabetes Mellitus.

Aim To examine those claims, i.e the effects of oxygenated water on hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus (DM). Methods In this clinical trial, 108 subjects of Diabetes Mellitus were recruited. Each group was divided randomly into 2 subgroups. One subgroup was given oxygenated water and the other subgroup was given non-oxygenated water for 2 period of intervention, 45 days and 90 days. Measured variables were, blood sugar and malondialdehyde (MDA). Results The study showed that oxygenated water could reduce post-prandial glucose in DM subjects. DM subjects with normal nutritional states, also had greater tendency of MDA reduction after consuming oxygenated water for 45 days. Most of subjects felt healthier after consuming oxygenated water. Conclusion The consumption of oxygenated water could improve the healing process for patients with diabetes mellitus.

A comparative bioavailability study of two ibuprofen formulations after single-dose administration in healthy volunteers.

This study was aimed to investigate the bioequivalence of ibuprofen 125 mg suppository formulation (Ibukal®, test formulation from PT. Kalbe Farma, Tbk., Jakarta) and the ibuprofen suppository comparative formulation (Proris®, from PT. Pharos Indonesia, Jakarta) in 12 healthy volunteers. The pharmacokinetic parameters used in this study were the area under the concentration-time curve from time zero to hour 10 (AUC0-t), the area under the concentration-time curve from time zero to infinite (AUC0-inf), the maximum concentration (Cmax), and the time needed to reach the maximum concentration (tmax). The study was designed as a random cross-over fashion, single-blinded which included 12 healthy adult volunteers. The volunteers were fasted overnight and in the morning they received a suppository of the test drug (Ibukal®) or a suppository of the comparative drug (Proris®). Blood samples were withdrawn on hour 0 (control), 20 min; 40 min; 1; 1.5; 2; 2.5; 3; 4; 6; 8; and 10 time points after the administration of the drug. Following a wash-out period of 1 week, this procedure was repeated using the other drug. The serum concentration of the drug was determined by means of high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. The results of the study showed that, the mean (SD) of AUC0-t, AUC0-inf, Cmax and tmax of the test drug were, respectively, 28.59(3.37) μg.h.mL-1, 30.47(3.56) μg.h.mL-1, 8.24(1.44) μg/mL, and 1.33(0.44) h. The mean (SD) of AUC0-t, AUC0-inf, Cmax and tmax of the comparative drug were, respectively, 28.13(8.14) μg.h.mL-1, 30.56(8.05) μg.h.mL-1, 8.27(2.88) μg/mL, and 1.79(0.33) h. The geometric means ratio of the test to the comparative drug were 104.38% (CI 90%: 90.38-120.54%) for AUC0-t, 101.97% (CI 90%: 89.51-116.16%) for AUC0-inf, and 104.02% (CI 90%: 85.73-126.16%) for Cmax. There was no side effect of the drug detected in this study. From the results we can conclude that the 125 mg of ibuprofen suppository of PT Kalbe Farma, Tbk. (Ibukal®) is bioequivalent to that of the comparative drug (Proris®).