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Objective@#To understand the prevalence and development of pulmonary tuberculosis(PTB) in students and teachers in Liangyungang over the last ten years, and provide reference for PTB surveillance and control at schools and colleges.@*Methods@#The epidemic information of PTB among students and teachers in Lianyungang during 2008-2017 was collected from Chinese Infectious Disease Report Information Management System and Chinese Tuberculosis Information Management System, and analyzed with quantitative description method.@*Results@#From 2008 to 2017, 1 112 students and teathers with PTB were found in Lianyungang City, the average reported incidence was 14.03/100 000, pathogenic positive incidence was 4.52/100 000. The above two rates both showed a trend of decline year by year (Z=4.55,6.83, P<0.01). The incidence of registered PTB in schools in the second quarter was the highest, especially in April. Guanyun County has the highest incidence. The average age was (20.11±7.54) years old, and the obvious high-incidence age group was 16-21; the sex ratio between men and women was 1.87∶1. Most of the 1 112 patients were Han, accounting for 99.64%, the rest were Hui, Tujia and Uygur. Teachers’ reported incidence was positively correlated with students’ reported morbidity (rs=0.93, P<0.01); there were differences between school population and general population in gender, patient origin, etiological results, treatment classification and positive patients’ treatment outcome (χ2=49.54, 528.27, 63.55, 121.40, 9.80, P<0.05).@*Conclusion@#Overall, the reported incidence of PTB in schools in Lianyungang City has been decreasing year by year, however,it should not be taken lightly. Prevention and control of PTB in schools should be further strengthened.
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OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for rational use of oral drugs in pediatrics department.METHODS:The prescriptions of oral medication for 1 070 children with respiratory diseases selected from pediatrics outpatient department of our hospital during Jan.2015-Dec.2016 were analyzed retrospectively in terms of drug category,use frequency,the rationality of drug use and prescription standardization,etc.RESULTS:Among 1 070 children,0-1 and 2-5 years of age accounted for 26.45％ and 37.76％,taking up the highest proportion.Among main types of disease,mnsillitis and bronchitis accounted for 48.60％ and 15.42％,taking up the highest proportion.The frequencies of antibiotics,Chinese patent medicines (medicines for the treatment of cough and asthma) and adjuvant drugs were in high level,being 51.78％,27.85％,28.79％.Among antibiotics,the frequencies of penicillins+β-lactamase inhibitor and second-generation cephalosporins were in high level,being 43.74％,40.84％.The rate of rational drug use was 92.51％,and that of irrational drug use was 7.85％.Irrational drug use manifested as excessive number of drugs (2.34％),excessive large dose (2.06％),irrational dosage form (2.24％) and irrational antibiotics use (5.05％).The rate of standard prescription was 91.31％,and the rate of nonstandard prescription was 8.69％.Nomtandard prescription manifested as nonstandard prescription writing.CONCLUSIONS:In the statistical period,common oral drugs for the children with respiratory systemn disease in the pediatrics outpatient department of our hospital are antibiotics,Chinese patent medicines (medicines for the treatment of cough and asthma) and adjuvant drags.The rationality of drug use and prescription standardization are generally good;but there are still some irrationality in the number of drugs,dosage form,dose and the use of antibiotics;prescription writing problems still exist.
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Objective To investigate the effect of continuous blood purification (CBP) on pro-or anti-inflammatory immune function and prognosis in patients with sepsis. Methods One hundred and two patients with sepsis were randomized into the CBP group (60 cases) and the control group (42 cases). The patients in the control group were treated with conventional therapy, and the patients in the CBP group received at least 72 h CBP treatment additionally. The APACHEⅡ score, SOFA score, the 28 day survival rate and ICU length of stay were recorded and levels of spleen Th1, Th2 were assessed by FACS flow cytometry. Enzyme linked immunoadsordent assay (ELISA) was used to determine the levels of serum IL-1, IL-10 and TNF-α before and at 24, 48, 72 h after the treatment. Results The APACHEⅡscore and SOFA score decreased markedly in the CBP group after the treatment (Р 0.05). Compared with the control group, levels of IL-1, IL-10 and TNF-α were decreased markedly, and the ratio of Th1 / Th2 was increased significantly at 72 h after the treatment in the CBP group (Р < 0.05). Conclusion CBP can eliminate inflammatory mediators, and help to enhance the immune function, and restore the balance of Th1 / Th2 in patients with severe sepsis.
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Objective To analyze the patterns of amino acid changes in liver failure patients treated with non-bioartificial liver support system (ALSS), and to explore the efficacy of ALSS in liver failure treatment. Methods A total of 146 liver failure patients treated with ALSS from June 2009 to August 2010 were recruited in this study. Paired blood samples were collected from every patient and serum amino acids and ammonia were tested by automatic amino acid analyzer. The changes of amino acids in patients with different prognoses, different types/phases of liver failure were evaluated.Measurement data were compared by paired t test. Results After ALSS treatment, liver failure patients experienced a significant decrease in serum glutamic acid and lysine [(395.62±200.24)μmol/Lvs (260. 05±169.56) μmol/L and (436. 73±326. 18)μmol/L vs (407. 12±292.01) μmol/L,respectively; t= 8. 611 and 2. 659, respectively; both P＜0.01)], while experienced greatly increases in threonine and branched-chain amino acids/aromatic amino acid ratio [( 1302. 90 ±1288.70) μmol/L vs (1406.70 ±1272. 34) μmol/L and 1. 23 ± 0. 53 vs 1. 36 ± 0.57, respectively; t = 2. 895 and 1. 061,respectively; both P＜0. 01)]. The changes of glutamic acid, tyrosine, arginine and methionine before and after ALSS treatment in patients with different prognoses, different types/phases of liver failure were all significantly different. Conclusions ALSS treatment could improve the serum amino acid disorder in liver failure patients. The amino acids in patients with different types/phases or different prognoses of liver failure change significantly after ALSS treatment.