ABSTRACT
The study was conducted on 19 adult dogs referred for treatment of fracture in diaphyseal region of three long bones, viz, radius-ulna, femur and tibia-fibula. These dogs were divided randomly into three groups viz T1, T2 and T3. In group T1, the diaphyseal fractures of the long bones were immobilized by an internal fixation technique using reconstruction plate or locking compression plate. In group T2, β- tri calcium phosphate granules were incorporated at fracture site after fixation. In group T3, one milliliter of PRP was administered locally at fracture site just before the closing the first suture line. Clinical and radiographic examination were also conducted during the study. There was a significant reduction in mean inflammation score at 7th day in groups T2 and T3 and at 30th day than 0 day in all the groups. At 90th day, the mean radiographic score was highest for group T3 and it was followed by the score in group T2. At day 90th, a radiograph in both the views was not able to delineate the granules from osseous tissue. The mean weight bearing score was also higher in group T3 than in group T2 at 30th, 60th and 90th post operative day showing that restoration of the function was better and earlier in groups T2 and T3 than in group T1
ABSTRACT
Bovine tuberculosis (bTB), a chronic infection in cattle caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis/bovis, that impacts productivity and represents a major public health threat. Although the considerable economic costs and zoonotic risk consequences associated with the disease, accurate estimates of bTB prevalence are lacking in many countries, including India. Therefore, in the current study for collection of tubercular lesions the postmortem examination of 100 cattle was conducted. All major viscera and regional lymph nodes were examined and incised. Histopathology was performed in the cases where gross lesions were suggestive of tuberculosis. PCR was performed on the tissue and faecal samples by using IS6110 insertion sequence, Mycobacterium tuberculosis/bovis complex PCR kit. In 12 animals, nodular lesions with casseating mass suggestive of tuberculosis were observed in the lung tissue. All the 12 lung impression smear and only five faecal smear showed acid fast bacilli stained by Ziehl-Neelsen staining. Histologic features comprised a classic granuloma as a characteristic lesion of tuberculosis composed of a central caseous necrosis with mantle of macrophages, lymphocytes, plasma cells, epithelioid macrophages and Langhan’s giant cells and were observed in all 12 cases. All the tissue samples and 11 faecal samples were positive for the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex using IS6110 sequence. 8 tissue samples and 4 faecal samples were positive by using Mycobacterium tuberculosis/bovis complex PCR kit. It can be concluded that there was good agreement between histopathology, acid fast staining and PCR. It can also be concluded that faecal samples which are easier to collect should be preferred for diagnosis of TB by PCR in cattle
ABSTRACT
A study was conducted to assess oxidative stress in bovine tissues specifically liver, kidney and lungs by using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and their correlation to cadmium (Cd) toxicity in bovine. Metallothionein and malondialdehyde are oxidative stress markers and their expression increases as cadmium concentration increases in tissues. In present study, a total of 62 bovine tissue samples were randomly collected from the animals found dead near industrial or expected polluted areas of Jabalpur city after detailed postmortem examination. These samples were processed for cadmium estimation and IHC staining in tissues. 200 mg of tissue samples were acid digested and cadmium concentration were estimated by using ICP-OES. In our study, cadmium concentration in tissues was ranged from 0.040 to 3.952 ppm in liver, 0.050 to 3.949 ppm in kidney and 0.020 to 3.134 ppm in lungs of bovine. These samples further grouped under three groups with cadmium level 0-1, 1-2 and > 2 ppm, according to Puls criteria. Majority of samples had cadmium level in the range of 0-1 ppm. Approximately 8, 13, 5% liver, kidney and lung tissues respectively had cadmium concentration > 2 ppm are considered under high risk. Formalin fixed and paraffin processed representative samples of liver, kidney and lungs were stained immunohistochemically by using commercially available antibodies for metallothionein and malondialdehyde protein. Tissues with high cadmium level showed increase in expression of metallothionein in nucleus and cytoplasm of the tissues along with increased cytoplasmic expression of malondialdehyde in liver, kidney and lung tissues as compared to low cadmium level