ABSTRACT
CONTEXT: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is common in patients with respiratory disorders and interstitial lung fibrosis from diverse disease processes. However, a cause-effect relationship has not been well demonstrated. It is hypothesized that there might be more than a coincidental association between GERD and interstitial lung damage. There is still confusion about the diagnostic steps necessary to confirm the presence of GERD, and about the role of effective control of GERD in the natural history of these respiratory disorders. OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of GERD in patients with respiratory disorders and lung involvement; the sensitivity of symptoms in the diagnosis of GERD; and the role of esophageal function tests (manometry and 24- hour pH monitoring) in the diagnosis and treatment of these patients. METHODS: Prospective study based on a database of 44 patients (29 females) with respiratory disorders: 16 patients had idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, 11 patients had systemic sclerosis associated interstitial lung disease, 2 patients had polymyositis associated interstitial lung disease, 2 patients had Sjögren associated interstitial lung disease, 2 patients had rheumatoid artrithis associated interstitial lung disease, 1 patient had undifferentiated connective tissue diseases associated interstitial lung disease and 10 patients had sarcoidosis. The average forced vital capacity ( percent predicted) was 64.3 percent. All patients had esophageal function tests. RESULTS: Thirty patients (68 percent) had pathologic reflux (average DeMeester score: 45, normal <14.7). The average number of reflux episodes recorded 20 cm above the lower esophageal sphincter was 24. Sensitivity and specificity of heartburn were 70 percent and 57 percent, of regurgitation 43 percent and 57 percent, and of dysphagia 33 percent and 64 percent. Twelve patients with GERD underwent a laparoscopic fundoplication which was tailored to the manometric profile: three patients in which peristalsis was normal had a total fundoplication (360°) and nine patients in which the peristalsis was absent had a partial anterior fundoplication (180°). CONCLUSIONS: The results of our study show that: (a) abnormal reflux was present in about 2/3 of patients with respiratory disorders (idiophatic pulmonary fibrosis, connective tissue disorders and sarcoidosis), and it extended to the upper esophagus in most patients; (b) the sensitivity and specificity of reflux symptoms was very low; and (c) esophageal function tests were essential to establish the diagnosis of abnormal reflux, to characterize the esophageal function and guide therapy. Long term follow-up will be necessary to determine if control of reflux alters the natural history of these respiratory disorders.
CONTEXTO: A doença do refluxo gastroesofagiano (DRGE) é comum em pacientes com lesões intersticiais pulmonares. Todavia, a relação de causa e efeito não foi claramente demonstrada. Tem sido formulada a hipótese de que a frequente coexistência de DRGE e dano pulmonar intersticial não seja meramente uma coincidência. Ainda existe controvérsia em relação a melhor forma de se confirmar o diagnóstico de DRGE e se o controle efetivo do refluxo tem influência na história natural destas enfermidades respiratórias. OBJETIVO: Determinar: (a) a prevalência da DRGE em pacientes com doenças respiratórias e envolvimento pulmonar intersticial; (b) a sensibilidade dos sintomas típicos de DRGE para o diagnóstico; (c) o papel dos exames de fisiologia do esôfago (manometria esofágica e pHmetria de 24 horas) no diagnóstico e manejo destes pacientes. MÉTODOS: Estudo prospectivo de 44 pacientes (29 sexo feminino) com doenças respiratórias: 16 pacientes com fibrose pulmonar idiopática, 11 com doença intersticial pulmonar associada à esclerose sistêmica, 2 com doença intersticial pulmonar associada à polimiosite, 2 com doença intersticial pulmonar relacionada à síndrome de Sjögren, 2 com doença intersticial pulmonar associada à artrite reumatóide, 1 com doença intersticial pulmonar associada à doença indiferenciada do tecido conjuntivo e 10 pacientes com sarcoidose e acometimento pulmonar. A capacidade vital forçada média ( por cento predito) foi de 64,3 por cento. Todos os pacientes fizeram manometria esofágica e pHmetria de 24 horas. RESULTADOS: Trinta pacientes (68 por cento) tiveram refluxo patológico (média do escore de DeMeester de 45; normal <14.7). A média de episódios de refluxo detectados 20 cm acima do esfíncter inferior do esôfago foi de 24. A sensibilidade e especificidade de queimação retroesternal foi de 70 por cento e 57 por cento, de regurgitação de 43 por cento e 57 por cento e de disfagia de 33 por cento e 64 por cento. Doze pacientes com ...