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Background: The aim was to study the antibiotic resistance in children with urinary tract infection and to observe any difference between antibiotic resistance rates.Methods: It was a prospective study carried out in SKIMS Medical College Hospital, Srinagar over a period of two years from January 2017 to January 2019. The study included 210 children between 1 year and 15 years who had presented with complaints of urinary tract infection and whose urine cultures were positive for the growth of an organism. These children were analyzed in order to find the frequency of organisms grown on culture, sensitivity of organisms isolated on culture and the rates of developed resistance to the antibiotics.Results: A total of 210 patients aged were included in the study, encompassing 66 (31.4) males and 144 (68.6%) females. Out of 144 female children 108 were under 6years of age while as out of 66 male children 48 were under 6years of age. As per the growth on urine culture,' the commonest organism that grew on culture were Escherichia coli (E. coli) was observed in 156 (74.3%), enterococcus in 18 (8.57%), Proteus mirabilis in 11 (5.2%), Acinetobacter spp. in 7 (3.3%), Pseudomonas spp. 5 (2.4%), Staphylococcus aureus in 4 (1.9%), Morganella spp. in 3 (1.4%) patients. Authors found imipenem, aminoglycosides and nitrofurantoin as the most effective antibiotics for urinary tract infections in pediatric age group.Conclusions: From this study, they concluded that parenteral antibiotics to be started empirically for the treatment of UTIs in all pediatric age groups are' aminoglycosides. In contrast for outpatient management of urinary tract infections, our results suggest that nitrofurantoin should be used for children aged beyond 1 year of age due to the low rate of resistance to nitrofurantoin in patients aged over 1 year.
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Background: Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is a major morbidity encountered in preterm neonates, especially in babies less than 28 weeks gestation or 1000g. It may close spontaneously in preterm neonates; however, failure to close spontaneously in preterm neonates results in significant mortality and morbidity in them.Methods: This prospective study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital in north India over a period of one year. The study cohort consisted of preterm, newborn babies admitted in the hospital with gestational age less than 37weeks and birth weight <2500g.Results: In this study total number of patients admitted during the study were 2930. Out of these preterm low birth weight neonates were 432. Among preterm low birth weight neonates admitted, 132 neonates were excluded as per exclusion criteria. Patent ductus arteriosus was detected in 56 among the 300 neonates giving an overall incidence of patent ductus arteriosus 18.6%, the incidence of patent ductus arteriosus was 56.2% for neonates weighing less than 1000gm, 24.7% for neonates weighing between 1000-1499g, 11.6% for neonates weighing between 1500-1999g and 5.6% for the neonates weighing between 2000-2499g.Conclusions: Thus, incidence of patent ductus arteriosus was inversely proportional to gestational age and birth. Data also suggest that immaturity is the major determinant of the persistent patency of ductus arteriosus.
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To define the self-reported oral health knowledge, attitudes and oral hygiene habits, among pregnant women getting antenatal care at Kulsoom Bai Valika Hospital Karachi. Method and A cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey was conducted at the KVSS Site Hospital antenatal clinic during the period January June 2013. The data was analyzed using the SPSS for Windows [version 16.0; SPSS Inc. Chicago. IL] statistical software package and was validated visually. Most of the respondents revealed a reasonable level of oral health knowledge and positive attitudes towards oral health. However, there were gaps in the oral health knowledge of the women surveyed. The relationship between the level of oral health knowledge and ethnicity [p=0.856], level of education [p=0.079], age category [p= 0.166], and trimester of pregnancy [p=0.219] were not statistically significant. In addition, the women's knowledge and attitude towards oral health was not reflected in their oral hygiene practices. There is a need to provide oral health education for pregnant women during antenatal care in order to highlight the significance of good oral health in achieving good health for both the mother and her baby
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Outcome of wearing high heel shoes in young generation: A Cross Sectional Study. Introduction/ High heels increase the heel height, thus increasing the pressure under the metatarsal head in forefoot, they push the center of mass of the body forward taking the hips and spine out of alignment moreover the altered posture of walking 1-5 in high heels places excessive forces on the inside of the knee joint. All these factors contribute in causing deleterious pathologic deformities. The studies carried out previously were more focused on the adult population furthermore there isn't much work done to investigate the effect of heels in Pakistan therefore, this was a non-invasive study the purpose of which was to evaluate these complications particularly targeting the medical students of medical colleges, Karachi. A total of 220 respondents aged between 15 to 25 years were selected as potential respondents meeting the criteria for selection. A convenience based randomized sampling method was adopted, where the participants were required to fill questionnaires and give their demographic details. They were inquired about the presence of any co morbidities which was an essential part of the exclusion criteria. They were also inquired about their usage of high heel shoes, their size, duration and frequency of usage, and if they had been causing any complications such as bunions, heel spur, callosities or pain in soles, calf or back. The data obtained was analyzed through SPSS and the graphs of frequency for all the complications were computed. After analyzing the 220 participants it was found that 7.7% were males while 92.3% were females, and 61.8% were found to be within 21 to 23 years of age. After the analyses of data for the complications it was found that out of the total participants 18.8% experience foot swelling, 19.4% blisters, 16.4% foot numbness, 12.3% foot callosities, 2.8% heel spur, and 3.7% experience bunions. From this study conducted on the students of medical college it was found that wearing high heel shoes is not associated with any significant complications among most of the students
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Heel , Cross-Sectional Studies , Surveys and Questionnaires , Hallux Valgus , Callosities , Heel Spur , Blister , Hypesthesia , Students, MedicalABSTRACT
Objective: To assess the diagnostic accuracy of the Alvarado score in acute appendicitis
Study design: A cross sectional study
Place and duration: The study was conducted at the Accident and Emergency Department of KVSS Site Hospital during a period of 12 months from 1 Jan 2012 to 31 Dec 2012
Methodology: Hundred and ten consecutive patients who attended emergency department of KVSS Site Hospital with provisional diagnosis of acute appendicitis were included in this study after informed consent. Alvarado score was recorded and according to the aggregate score, patients were divided into two groups with scores of <5 and >/=5. The clinical diagnoses and operative findings of patients who were subjected to surgery for Alvarado score>/= 5 were compared with their histopathology reports. A self designed questionnaire was used to record relevant data including patients' age, gender, weight, Alvarado score and histopathology
Result: Out of total 110 cases [79 males, 31females], 28.2% [n=31] belonged to Group-A and 71.81% [n=79] belonged to Group-B. Surgical procedures were performed in 98.2% of cases, along with conservative treatment. Final diagnosis by histopathology was confirmed in 71.3% [n=77] cases. The overall negative appendectomy rate was 28.7% [males: 28.2%, females: 30%]. Sensitivity and specificity of Alvarado scoring system was found to be 93.5% and 80.6% respectively. Positive and negative predictive values were 92.3% and 83.3% respectively and accuracy was 89.8%
Conclusion: The Alvarado score is highly effective and non-invasive in the diagnosis of acute appendicitis