Frequency of modifiable risk factors about coronary artery disease in an urban female

Objective: To determine frequency of modifiable risk factors about coronary artery disease in an urban female population of Sargodha city of Punjab province of Pakistan

Study Design: Descriptive / cross sectional study

Place and Duration of Study: This study was conducted at the urban female population of Sargodha city of Punjab province of Pakistan from March, 1[st] to 30[th] 2016

Materials and Methods: This study was carried out to identify frequency of modifiable risk factors about coronary artery disease in an urban female population of Sargodha city. All 100 married female apparently healthy participants; 25-60 years of age were included

Results: The mean age of subjects was 36.02 +/- 10.02 years. The frequency of smoking [27%] was expressively advanced in study population, sedentary lifestyle [19%] obesity [25%], use of salt [16%] and use of fat [13%] respectively

Conclusion: The current research concludes a reduced information related to modifiable threat aspects regarding coronary artery disease in the urban feminine populace. Consequently, there is a speedy prerequisite to initiate actions to educate peoples of this group in relation of changeable risk features so that those at high risk for upcoming patients of controllable coronary artery disease can be coped

Evaluation of antibody response in mice against avian influenza A (H5N1) strain neuraminidase expressed in yeast Pichia pastoris.

Avian influenza has raised many apprehension in the recent years because of its potential transmitability to humans. With the increasing emergence of drug-resistant avian influenza strains, development of potential vaccines are imperative to manage this disease. Two structural antigens, haemagglutinin and neuraminidase, have been the target candidates for the development of subunit vaccine against influenza. In an effort to develop a faster and economically beneficial vaccine, the neuraminidase gene of a highly pathogenic avian influenza isolate was cloned and expressed in the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris. The recombinant neuraminidase (rNA) antigen was purified, and its bioactivity was analysed. The rNA was found to be functional, as determined by the neuraminidase assay. Four groups of mice were immunized with different concentrations of purified rNA antigen, which were adjuvanted with aluminium hydroxide. The immune response against rNA was analysed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and neuraminidase inhibition assay. The mice groups immunized with 25 μg and 10 μg of antigen had a significant immune response against rNA. This method can be utilized for faster and cost-effective development of vaccines for a circulating and newer strain of avian influenza, and would aid in combating the disease in a pandemic situation, in which production time matters greatly.

A novel method for the synthesis of meso substituted dipyyromethanes.

Meso-substituted dipyrromethanes have been synthesized in the presence of SnCl2.2H2O as a catalyst. The reaction is carried out in water, a very green solvent, under stirring at room temperature. The reaction work-up is simple and the catalyst is easily separated from the products by filtration.

Choledochoduodenostomy: a viable and safe procedure in patients with obstructive jaundice

A total of 27 patients with jaundice and/or other clinical, ultrasound or laboratory based diagnostic criteria of choledocholithiasis were included in this study. Preoperatively, all patients were well hydrated and received antibiotics perioperatively. Supraduodenal choledochotomy was performed after cholecystectomy. Choledochoduodenostomy was performed using an interrupted stitch with catgut 2/0. There were no mortalities in our series. A few minor problems arose in two of our patients postoperatively. We suggest that Choledochoduodenostomy is a useful operation, technically easy, gives good results and should be practised more often for both primary and secondary gall stones

Prostatectomy in a general surgical unit; changing trends

This study compares the results of 104 consecutive transurethral and 61 consecutive open prostatectomies, performed in a General Surgical Unit in a District Hospital. The indication for surgery was acute retention in 65% of cases and prostatism in 35%. The mean postoperative stay was six and a half days for T.U.R. and fourteen and a half days for open prostatectomies

Amoebic liver abscess: a report of 100 cases

100 cases of Amoebic Liver Abscess with age ranging from 20 years to 70 years have been treated over a period of 5 years. Amoebic Liver abscess was found in 8% cases of amoebic colitis. Interesting clinical observations were, afebrile presentation in 14% and jaundice in only 9% cases. In most cases liver function tests were of no significance. Hepatic scan was useful diagnostic aid. Peritoneal rupture occurred in only five cases. Open Drainage was indicated if response to anti-amoebic therapy and aspiration failed or if secondary infection SUPERVENED. As such surgical open Drainage was our main approach in these cases

Current spectrum of generalised peritonitis

One hundred twenty one consecutive cases of Generalised peritonitis under two General Surgical Units were studied retrospectively The aetiology and outcome were documented to know the spectrum and compared with other reported series. The most common cause was typhoid perforations of which there were thirty five cases. The second common cause was perforated Appendicitis of which there were twenty eight cases. The third largest group of peritonitis was due to Gangrene of Gut of which there were 18 cases. The 4th most common cause was duodenal ulcer perforation of which there were sixteen cases. The miscellaneous group consisted of twenty four cases. Over-all mortality was 18%. It is notable that only two deaths occurred in patient with peritonitis associated with Appendicitis. There were 73 male and 48 female patients. The death ratio male to female was 2:1 [14 male and 7 female]

Typhoid perforations, prognostic factors and mode of treatment

This report examines the characteristics of 60 patients with typhoid perforations, treated over a period of 7.5 years, ending September, 1990. The most important prognostic determinants were perforation/operation interval, age of the patient and mode of treatment. 15% cases were treated conservatively with 11.11% mortality, in 3% only a drainage procedure could be instituted with a 50% mortality and definitive treatment in the form of simple closure [in 54% cases], and wedge resection [in 28% cases] yielded 22.5% and 18% mortality respectively

Intussusception in children and its management

A retrospective study of 32 patients, who presented with intussuception to Civil Hospital Abbottabad was done. Abdominal pain [95%] and vomiting [89%] were the hall mark of this condition. Of the patients were below 1 year of age and there was preponderance of males [66%]