ABSTRACT
Objective: To analyze desire for sons/daughters among ladies of Peshawar, Pakistan, with a view to rule out son preference and to study impact of various demographic characteristics on the subject
Methods: Cross-sectional descriptive study conducted at Combined Military Hospital, Peshawar, from August 2015 - January 2016; sampling technique was random/probability/non-purposive. Self-designed questionnaire was utilized; carrying questions pertinent to desire for sons/daughters during marital life, and demographic details. Data analyzed via descriptive analysis [SPSS-21], expressed as frequencies/ percentages and mean +/- standard deviation [minimum/maximum]
Sons and daughters desired [dependent variables] were cross-tabulated with independent variables
Results: Response rate was 63.25% [n-506]
Data revealed following: Sons desired 3.05 +/- 2.061[1/12]; Daughters desired 1.15 +/- 0.767[0/4]; 6.1%[n-31] and 0.6%[n-3] desired infinite number of sons and daughters respectively, 18.2%[n-92] did not desire to have even one daughter, while 2.2%[n-11] considered it immaterial to have daughters or sons
There was a significant relation between sons desired and client's education [p<0.001], husband's education [p<0.001] and socioeconomic class [p<0.001]. There was no significant impact of religion [p-0.142] on desire for sons. Impact of independent variables on daughters desired was similar but less pronounced
Conclusion: There was candid son preference among the respondents. Gender discrimination can be attenuated by adequately addressing son preference at all tiers
ABSTRACT
Objective: To analyze trends of use of methods of contraception along with study of impact of various demographic and social factors on contraception in Peshawar, Pakistan
Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study with random purposive sampling was conducted at Combined Military Hospital Peshawar, from Mar 2015-Nov 2015. Self-designed questionnaire with demographic details and questions pertinent to contraceptive practices was utilized as study instrument. Females reporting to concerned hospital for contraceptive advice and prescription were distributed with questionnaire and written informed consent form. Formal approval was taken from ethical committee of hospital. Data was analyzed via descriptive analysis [SPSS-21], qualitative data was expressed as frequencies and percentages; quantitative as mean +/- standard deviation [SD]. Main outcome variable i-e contraceptive device used; was cross-tabulated with independent variables
Results: Response rate was 53.2% [n-426]. Usage of contraceptive device was as follows; 51.2% Nil, 9.4% barriers, 22.3% oral/injectable hormones, 13.4% IUCDs, 3.8% sterilization. There was a strong relationship between type of contraceptives used and age [p<0.001], client's education [p<0.001], husband's education [p<0.001], number of children [p<0.001], religion [p0.013], socioeconomic class [p<0.001], and religious beliefs about use of contraceptives [p<0.001]. More Muslims considered contraception irreligious than non-Muslims [p 0.02]. There was no significant impact of husbands' pressure to not to use contraceptives on type of contraception practised [p 0.114]
Conclusion: Contraceptive devices are under-utilized in the study participants. Multidisciplinary approach should be applied to enhance client education, awareness and counseling to utilize these devices more appropriately and regularly
ABSTRACT
Objective: To determine the etiology and severity of various forms of ocular war injuries in patients presenting at an Army Hospital in Pakistan
Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted at the Department of Ophthalmology, Combined Military Hospital, Peshawar over four years period from June 2012 through March 2016, Two hundred ten consecutive soldiers who presented with ocular war injuries were included for analysis after taking written informed consent. A predesigned proforma was used to record patient's demographic details along with the cause, side, type and severity of injury, ocular trauma score was also recorded at presentation
Results: The mean age of the patients was 29.34 +/- 5.35 years. All of them were males. Left side was more frequently involved [n=126, 60.0%] and the most frequent underlying cause was IED blast injury [n=114, 54.3%]. Closed globe injuries were more frequent and were recorded in 120 [57.1%] patients. Upon assigning Ocular Trauma Score, Grade-V [28.6%] injuries were the most frequent followed by Grade-I [25.7%], Grade III [25.7%], Grade II [11.4%] and Grade IV [8.6%]. When stratified for the type of injury, OTS Grade I injuries were highest [60.0%] among patients with open globe injuries, hence poorer prognosis, while OTS Grade V injuries were highest [50.0%] among patients with closed globe injuries [p=0.000]
Conclusion: IED blast injuries are most frequently encountered ocular war injuries often involving soldiers in the age group 20-30 years. These open globe injuries had worst clinical presentation to begin with and poorer prognosis than closed globe injuries
ABSTRACT
To determine the frequency of dry eye syndrome in adult patients. A descriptive study. Eye Department Military Hospital Rawalpindi. From June 2004 to December 2004. A total of hundred patients were randomly selected from the daily OPD at eye department, MH Rawalpindi. They were tested for the presence of dry eye syndrome by Rose Bengal staining, Schirmer tear strip measurements and Tear film break up time. A total of 67 males and 33 females were recruited. Out of these 10 males and 6 females were found to be having dry eye syndrome. Mean patient age was 34.3 +/- 1.3 years [range 20-60 years]. The frequency of dry eye syndrome in adult patients attending the eye clinic of Military Hospital Rawalpindi is 16%. To determine the frequency of dry eye syndrome in adult patients. A descriptive study. Eye Department Military Hospital Rawalpindi. From June 2004 to December 2004. A total of hundred patients were randomly selected from the daily OPD at eye department, MH Rawalpindi. They were tested for the presence of dry eye syndrome by Rose Bengal staining, Schirmer tear strip measurements and Tear film break up time. A total of 67 males and 33 females were recruited. Out of these 10 males and 6 females were found to be having dry eye syndrome. Mean patient age was 34.3 +/- 1.3 years [range 20-60 years]. The frequency of dry eye syndrome in adult patients attending the eye clinic of Military Hospital Rawalpindi is 16%
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Dry Eye Syndromes/diagnosisABSTRACT
The objective of study to assess the success of pars plana vitrectomy with use of silicone Oil for internal tamponade in traumatic rhegmatogenous R D with severe PVR. This study was carried out in department of Ophthalmology Military Hospital Rawalpindi. Fifteen cases with severe proliferative vitreoretinopathy [PVR Grade C, according to up dated retina Society Classification of 1991] was included in study. All the patients had traumatic rhegmatogenous retinal detachment with history of blunt ocular trauma, without globe rupture, outcome of the treatment was assessed by post operative anatomical and physiological success. Anatomical success was encouraging in-spite of advance disease and technically difficult and complicated intra-ocular maneuvers