Spinal anaesthesia; comparison between prophylactic low dose ketamine and ondansetron for prevention of shivering during spinal anaesthesia in patients undergoing lower abdominal surgeries

Perioperative shivering is a common problem during spinal anaesthesia. It causes tremendous deleterious effects on metabolism of body. Despite of re-warming and raising the ambient temperature, several drugs are under research to evaluate their preventive role in shivering during anaesthesia like tramadol, butorphanol, midazolam, ketamine and ondansetron. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of prophylactic low dose ketamine and ondansetron for prevention of shivering during spinal anaesthesia. To compare prophylactic low dose ketamine with ondansetron for prevention of shivering during spinal anaesthesia in patients undergoing lower abdominal surgeries. Randomized controlled trial. Department of Anaesthesia, Nishtar Hospital Multan. November 2012 to May 2013. A total of 256 patients were included in the study divided into two equal groups. In this study basic demographics like age, gender, mean weight and height and type of surgery patients underwent were similar, having no significant difference in both groups, while on comparison in both groups, the frequency of shivering revealed 4.69%[n=6] in K Group and 11.72%[n=15] in O Group while remaining 95.31%[n=122] in K and 88.28%[n=113] in O Group had no findings of the morbidity, p value was calculated as 0.03, which showed significant difference. The result of the study concluded that prophylactic intravenous administration of low dose ketamine [0.25mg/kg] is significantly more effective than ondansteron [4 mg] for prevention of shivering during spinal anesthesia in patients undergoing lower abdominal surgeries

Stroke; electocardiographic changes

[1] To finding the frequency of various electrocardiographic abnormalities in sufferers of acute stroke [2] Comparing the ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke in this perspective. Observational. Emergency department of Nishtar Hospital, Multan from April 2003 to August 2005. Two hundred patients of acute stroke who presented within 48 hours of the onset of neurological symptoms, were included in the study, irrespective of the comorbid conditions like hypertension, diabetes mellitus, valvular heart disease, coronary artery disease and cardiomyopathy. Majority of the patients had ischemic stroke. ECG changes due to variation in heart rate, rhythm ischemia, QTc prolongation and left ventricular hypertrophy were frequent findings in sufferes of acute stroke. Except atrial fibrillation and left ventricular hypertrophy these changes were more or less similar in two types of stroke. A variety of electrocardiographic abnormalities can be found in sufferers of acute stroke. Except atrial fibrillation and left ventricular hypertrophy, there frequency is more or less similar whatever the type of stroke may be

Post-anaesthetic sore throat in patients with endotracheal tube

It has been noticed in the past that some patients who had undergone surgeries under general anaesthesia regained conscience and complained of sore throat. This study is to determine the ratio of patients under general anaesthesia who will present with post-operative sore throat; and to attempt to reduce that ratio in order to provide a more comfortable recovery to the patients. Sixty four patients eligible to be considered for analysis had follow ups for the next three days and were asked to describe any sore throat feature they might be experiencing after they recovered from anaesthesia. The incidence of sore throat in the patients was 37.5%. An alternative to ETT has to be employed [e.g. LMA]