ABSTRACT
Background and Objective: Hyperlipidemia and dyslipidemia are very common conditions among patients with Type-2 diabetes mellitus [T2DM] and associated with increased risk of coronary heart diseases. Physical activity and exercises along with medical management and dietary plan are common strategies to use for the management of deranged lipid profile in patients with T2DM. We aimed to determine the effects of supervised structured aerobic exercise training [SSAET] program on high and low density lipoprotein in patients with T2DM
Methods: This randomized control trial study was conducted at Riphah Rehabilitation Research Centre [RRRC], Pakistan Railway General Hospital [PRGH] Rawalpindi from 1[st] January 2015 to 30[th] March 2016. The inclusion criteria was Type-2 diabetes patients of both gender aged between 40 to 70 years. Patients with severe complications like coronary artery diseases [CAD], and other serious complications like diabetic foot, and severe knee and hip osteoarthritis [OA] were excluded from the study. A total of 195 patients diagnosed with T2DM were screened out and 102 were selected for the study as per the inclusion criteria. All participants were randomly assigned into two groups, experimental 'A' [n=51] and control 'B' [n=51]. Patients in group A were treated with SSAET program of 25 weeks at 3 days a week in addition to routine medical management, while patients in Group-B were on their routine medications and dietary plan. Serum LDL, and HDL were tested at baseline and after 25 weeks. The data was analysed through SPSS 20
Results: Mean and standard deviation of LDL in group A [n=51] was 118.56 +/- 19.17 [pre] and 102.64 +/- 13.33 [post], while the mean and standard deviation for Group-B [n=51] was 116.50 +/- 18.45 [Pre] and 109.88 +/- 17.13 [post]. Both groups showed improvement but, Group-A treated with SSAET along with RMM showed significantly higher [P Value
Conclusion: SSAET program along with RMM is more effective strategy for the management of deranged lipid profile in patients with T2DM
ABSTRACT
Objective: To determine the effects of supervised structured aerobic exercise training [SSAET] program on fasting blood glucose level [FBGL], plasma insulin level [PIL], glycemic control [GC], and insulin resistance [IR] in type 2 diabetes mellitus [T2DM]
Methods: Riphah Rehabilitation and Research Centre [RRRC] was the clinical setting for this randomized controlled trial, located at Pakistan Railways General Hospital [PRGH], Rawalpindi, Pakistan. Study duration was 18 months from January 1, 2015 to June 30, 2016. Patients of both genders ranging 40-70 years of age with at least one year of history of T2DM were considered eligible according to WHO criteria, while patients with other chronic diseases, history of smoking, regular exercise and diet plan were excluded. Cohorts of 195 patients were screened out of whom 120 fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Amongst them 102 agreed to participate and were assigned to experimental [n=51] and control [n=51] groups. Experimental group underwent SSAET program, routine medication and dietary plan, whereas the control group received routine medication and dietary plan, while both group received treatment for 25 weeks. The blood samples were taken at baseline and on the completion of 25 weeks. The investigation of fasting blood glucose level, plasma insulin level, and glycemic control was conducted to calculate IR
Results: Patients with T2DM in experimental group [n=51] treated with SSAET program, routine medication and dietary plan significantly improved FBGL [pre-mean= 276.41 +/- 25.31, post-mean=250.07 +/- 28.23], PIL [pre-mean=13.66 +/- 5.31, post-mean=8.91 +/- 3.83], GC [pre-mean=8.31 +/- 1.79, post-mean 7.28 +/- 1.43], and IR [pre-mean=64.95 +/- 27.26, post-mean 37.97 +/- 15.58], as compared with patients in control group treated with routine medication and dietary plan in whom deteriorations were noted in FBGL [premean=268.19 +/- 22.48, post-mean=281.41 +/- 31.30], PIL[pre-mean=14.14 +/- 5.48, post-mean=14.85 +/- 5.27] GC [pre-mean=8.15 +/- 1.74, post-mean=8.20 +/- 1.44, and IR [pre-mean=64.49 +/- 23.63. post-mean=70.79 +/- 23.30]. Statistically at the baseline the results were not significant [p>0.05], but at the completion of 25 weeks intervention all the variable showed significant results [p<0.05]
Conclusion: It is concluded that a 25 weeks SSAET program along with routine medical management is more effective treatment in the management of fasting blood glucose level, glycemic control, plasma insulin level and insulin resistance as compared with routine medical management and dietary plan in the management of T2DM
ABSTRACT
Objective: To determine the effects of supervised structured aerobic exercise training [SSAET] program on interleukin-6 [IL-6], nitric oxide synthase 1 [NOS-1], and cyclooxygenase-2 [COX-2] in type 2 diabetes mellitus [T2DM]
Study Design: Randomized controlled trial
Place and Duration of Study: Riphah Rehabilitation and Research Centre, Railways General Hospital, Rawalpindi, from January 2015 to June 2016
Methodology: Patients of either gender of minimum one year history of T2DM ranging from 40-70 years of age were included. Those with chronic systemic diseases, history of regular exercise, smoking, and those on dietary plan were excluded. A total of 195 patients were screened; 120 were selected and 102 agreed to participate in the study
They were randomly placed into experimental and control groups. SSAET program, routine medication, and dietary plan were applied in experimental group; whereas, control group was managed with routine medication and dietary plan for 25 weeks. IL-6, NOS-1, and COX-2 were assessed at baseline and 25 weeks
Results: SSAET program, routine medication and dietary plan showed significantly improved IL-6 [pre-mean=0.25 +/-0.11ng/ml, post-mean=0.19 +/-0.04 ng/ml], NOS-1 [pre-median=4.65 ng/ml, IQ range=1.04 ng/ml], [post-median=2.72 ng/ml, IQ range=1.60 ng/ml], and COX-2 [pre-mean=18.72 +/-4.42 ng/ml, post-mean=15.18 +/-2.63 ng/ml] in experimental group, as compared with control group managed by routine medication and dietary plan, where deterioration was noted in IL-6 [pre-mean=0.23 +/-0.08 ng/ml, post-mean=0.27 +/-0.08 ng/ml] and COX-2 [pre-mean=18.49 +/-4.56 ng/ml, post-mean=19.10 +/-4.76 ng/ml], while NOS-1 slight improvement [pre-mean=4.99 ng/ml, IQ range=2.67 ng/ml], [post-mean=4.56 ng/ml, IQ range=3.85 ng/ml]. Statistically at the baseline the p-values were not significant [p>0.05] in both experimental and control groups for IL-6, COX-2 and NOS-1; while after 25 weeks of intervention, the experimental group showed significant improvement [p<0.05] in comparison with the control group
Conclusion: SSAET program, routine medication, and dietary plan had positive effect on IL-6, NOS-1, and COX-2 in T2DM patients