ABSTRACT
To evaluate the effect of parenteral testosterone on penile length, preputial skin and side effects in patients with hypospadias. 23 patients with hypospadias were included in this study. An oily solution, each ml of which contained testosterone propionate 25 mg, and testosterone enanthate 110 mg, equivalent to 100 mg of testosterone was given deep intramuscularly 4, 3 and 2 weeks before reconstructive surgery at the dose of 2 mg/kg body weight. Increase in penile length, transverse preputial diameter, and diameter at the base of penis were noted. Basal testosterone levels were obtained before the institution of therapy and on the day of operation. In addition, side effect such as development of pubic hair and delay in bone age was noted. Following parenteral testosterone administration, the mean increase in penile length, transverse preputial diameter and diameter at the base of penis was 1.35 +/- 0.40 cm [P<0.001], 1.40 +/- 0.47 cm [P<0.001], and 0.72 +/- 0.47 cm [P<0.001], respectively. Serum testosterone level after injection was well within normal range for that age. Minimal side effects were noted in form of development of fine pubic hair. We conclude that parenteral testosterone can be safely used to improve the surgical outcome of hypospadias repair
ABSTRACT
To determine frequency of HIV in children with disseminated tuberculosis and tuberculous meningitis in a low HIV prevalence area, and to study clinical profile of those found HIV positive. Cross-sectional, descriptive study. Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India from February 2005 to January 2008. The study was conducted on 215 children under 14 years of age with either disseminated tuberculosis or tuberculous meningitis. HIV infection was diagnosed in accordance with WHO strategy II. In children younger than 18 months, the strategy [to cut down costs] was to screen first by HIV antibody testing and subject only positive cases to virological tests. Parents of HIV positive children were also tested for HIV and counselled. The clinical profile of HIV positive patients was noted. The frequency of HIV was 5.12%, while that in cases of disseminated tuberculosis was much higher [22%]. No case with isolated tuberculous meningitis was HIV positive. The majority [45.45%] of patients with HIV were between 1-5 years of age. The mode of infection in 7[63.63%] cases was parent to child transmission. Loss of weight, prolonged fever, pallor, hepato-splenomegaly and oral candidiasis were the commonest clinical manifestations among HIV positive patients. Clinically directed selective HIV screening in cases of disseminated tuberculosis can pickup undiagnosed cases of the same in areas with low prevalence of HIV infection