ABSTRACT
Introduction: Thyroid hormones influence the haematologicalindices under physiological conditions. The exact causeof anemia in thyroid dysfunction is not clearly understood.The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in thehaematological parameters in hypothyroidism, subclinicalhypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism and the mechanismsunderlying it.Material and methods: The study was performed on69 cases of clinical hypothyroidism, 15 cases of clinicalhyperthyroidism, 6 cases of subclinical hypothyroidism and99 healthy individuals selected as the control group. Patientswere grouped as hypothyroid and hyperthyroid based on theTSH measurements (0.3-5.5µIU/mL) by Chemiluminescencemethod. Based on TSH levels (<0.3µIU/mL), patients werecategorized as hyperthyroidism and TSH levels (>5.5µIU/mL) as hypothyroidism. Hemoglobin and complete bloodcount which includes PCV, MCV, MCH, MCHC, RDW wereestimated. The results were analysed by SPSS software.Results: Analysis of the data obtained showed statisticallysignificant difference (p<0.05) in Hb, PCV, RDW betweenthyroid cases and controls. The difference was not significant(p>0.05) for MCV, MCH and MCHC.Conclusion: Thyroid hormones have to be evaluated in casesof refractory anemia not responding to iron supplementation.
ABSTRACT
Introduction: The understanding of the basic concepts inArterial blood gas analysis and interpretation is an essentialskill required for all the medical students. Many creativemethods of teaching are available for the same yet sometimesit remains a challenging task. Usually, the three mainparameters like measured pH, pCO2 and HCO3 values areutilized for interpretation of various acid base disturbances.The aim of the current research study was to apply a novelrecently published arterial blood gas interpretation method forteaching purposes.Material and methods: In this newly developed method, thenet changes in pH is related to both the changes in respiratoryand non-respiratory (metabolic) component affecting the pH.A total of 90 arterial blood gas sample data’s were utilizedand classified into various groups. The changes in pH due torespiratory and non-respiratory component is calculated andcorrelated with the net changes in actual pH.Results: The magnitude and the changes in direction eitherpositive denoting the alkaline effect or negative denoting theacidic effect is very well observed in all the 90 cases and theresults are tabulated. The relationship between changes in pHdue to respiratory component with pCO2 and the changes inpH due to non-respiratory component with bicarbonate andstandard bicarbonate values were graphically analysed.Conclusion: The study concludes that it is much easier toobserve the changes in magnitude and direction in variousacid base disturbances which will help in better understandingof cases presenting with different pH, pCO2 and HCO3 values.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>INTRODUCTION</b>Knowledge of anatomical variations of the great vessels of the abdomen, including the coeliac trunk, is important for clinicians planning surgical intervention and radiological imaging. The present study aimed to record the prevalence of variations in the vascular pattern of branches of the coeliac trunk in cadavers.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 50 properly embalmed and formalin-fixed cadavers from the Indian population were selected for the study. Dissection included surgical incision, followed by mobilisation of the anatomical viscera, to observe and record the branching pattern of the coeliac trunk.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The left gastric, common hepatic and splenic arteries were found to arise from the coeliac trunk in 86% of cadavers. In 76% of cadavers, the origin of the gastric artery was proximal to the bifurcation of the coeliac trunk into the common hepatic and splenic arteries. In one case, all three branches arose directly from the abdominal aorta, and the origin of the splenic artery was 1 cm distal to the origin of the left gastric and common hepatic arteries. In another case, the common hepatic and left gastric arteries arose from the coeliac trunk, and the origin of the splenic artery was 1.5 cm distal to the abdominal aorta.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Vessel ligation and anastomosis are important in surgical procedures like liver transplantation, and background knowledge of the different vascular patterns of branches of the coeliac trunk is vital. The findings of our study could help to minimise complications related to abdominal surgery, including bleeding and necrosis, and facilitate better and more accurate radiological interpretations.</p>