Biliary pseudolithiasis during ceftriaxone therapy in children

Ceftriaxone is almost widely used in the treatment of pediatric infection and this is accompanied by some complications. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of abnormal ultrasonography findings of gallbladder [pseudolithiasis or sludge] during ceftriaxon therapy and its relation to fasting, sex and G6PD deficiency. This quasi-experimental survey was done in Amirkola Children's Hospital, Babol, Iran. First ultrasonography was done before initiation of ceftriaxone therapy and it was repeated 24-48 hours after therapy and in the 5th, 7th, 10th and 14th day after the treatment. If abnormal finding was seen, ultrasonography was done weekly in the first two weeks until the side effect disappeared. Data was collected and analyzed by SPSS software. Of all 108 patients, who were between 3 months to 10 years old, 20 cases had abnormal findings in gallbladder [2 sludges and 18 pseudolithiases]. Length of fasting before ceftriaxone therapy had a positive relation with possibility of stone formation [p<0.005], but age, sex, duration of therapy and G6PD deficiency were not related [p>0.05]. In four cases pseudolithiasis was formed after only 1-2 doses of ceftriaxone. Shortest and longest periods of resolution of complications were 1 and 17 days respectively after formation. Incidence of pseudolithiasis or sludge formation during ceftriaxone therapy was 18.5% and fasting had a great effect on these complications

[Causes of attempted suicide among women of Babol town [2001-2002]]

Female suicide is an important indicator of cultural, social and legal improvement of women in different societies. Incidence of female suicide rate is low in societies in which women have proper individual, familial and social rights. This study was done to determine the incidence and causes of women suicide in Babol town. This study was performed on 136 women attempt to suicide who referred to teaching hospitals of Babol university of medical sciences and burn center of Mazandaran province from Jan 2001 to Jan 2002. Data were collected by trained personnel and then analyzed by SPSS and X[2] test. Incidence of women suicide was estimated 60 per 100000 women population during one year. Rate of suicide under 20 years of age was more than other age groups [15.5%]. Suicide was more in autumn and winter. Suicide rate of single women was as same as married ones. Acute crisis and familial problems were 2 main causes of suicide. Suicide was more in the afternoon and nights. Methods of female suicide were drugs [87.5%], poisons [6.6%] and self-burning [5.9%]. High incidence of women and adolescents suicide, equality of suicide among singles and married and acute crisis and familial problems as main causes of suicide are indicated that preventive programs should be directed for young adults as target group and role of marriage as protection of suicide has been decreased