Cadmium absorption and accumulation in different parts of kidney beans, radishes and pumpkins

This study is done to measure the absorption and distribution of cadmium in different parts of kidney beans, radishes and pumpkins. Three parts of a field was chosen. In one part 65 ppm of cadmium nitrate was added to water and in the other part 130 ppm, the last part was irrigated with normal water. Samples were digested by EPA 3050 method. Cadmium concentration was measured by Unicam 919 absorption unit. Beans accumulate cadmium mostly in root [70 ppm] and a little amount is mobilized through upper parts [12-16ppm], but kidneys did not accumulate a significant amount. In radishes the roots did not accumulate a significant amount of cadmium but stems had 4 ppm and leaves had 25 ppm. Cadmium concentration in soil does not affect its concentration in different parts of pumpkins and beside the stems and leaves [4 ppm] the other parts' concentrations were insignificant. In regard to the results of this study the cadmium concentrations in edible parts of the samples [kidney beans, radish roots and pumpkin fruit] were less than the U.S. EPA standards for agriculture and human beings

[Study of clinical and bacteriological parameters for evaluation of treatment of periodontal pockets by ND: YAG]

At present, there is considerable evidence to support ultrasonic scaling as one of the most effective procedures for treatment of periodontal disease.However, sometimes, root anatomy precludes achievement of the desird results.The aim of this study is evaluation of clinical and microbiological effects of Nd:Y.A.G laser accompanied with scaling and root planning .Six patients with chronic periodonthiths, each of whom had two or more sites with probing depth measuring five or six mm in each quadrant were included in this clinical trial.52 sites were randomly assigned treatment with either conventional therapy [n=26] or Nd:Y.A.G accompanied by conventional therapy [n=26][2w-20pps-120seconds pulse duration 100ms]. At base line, one day, one month and two months after procedure, clinical measurments [probing depth, Gingival index, Bleeding index] were preformed and microbial flora[porphyromonas gingivalis] sampled using a cultural technique.Pockets depths after one month [P=0.004],bleeding index after one month [P=0.002] and after two months [P=0.006] were positively influenced by adjunctive laser therapy in comparision to conventional therapy. Gingival index after two months [P=0.0032]was positively influenced by laser therapy but there was no difference after one month [P=0.439].[P=0.852]. After one month, the average of p.g[P=0.064] in the test sites was less that control sites.The effectiveness of Nd:Y.A.G laser as an adjuvant in treatment of periodontitis was demonstrated .In term of bacteriocidal efficacy, the application of Nd :Y.A.G laser proves to be a complementary therapuetic measure but more studies are needed