[Evaluation the need and demand of orthodontic treatment in 12 years old school students in Abade, Iran]

Orthodontic treatment need and demand in 12-year-olds in Abadeh city has not previously been analysed in relation to geographic origin. The purpose of this study was to assess the12 year old students need and demand for orthodontic treatment. Four hundred seventeen 12-year-old students was selected from public and private schools in Abade [Fars province, Iran]. All the students were examined according to the AC and DHC component of Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need [IOTN] by a trained dentist. Students' and parents' perceived needs were also assessed using AC component and their demand for orthodontic treatment was asked through a questionair. Twenty two percent of the students were in "no need of treatment" group when assessed by DHC component, 29.5% were in "average need" and 48.2% were in "definite need" group. When assessed by AC score, these percents were 61.9%, 29%, and 9.1%. Parents and students percieved need for definite orthodontic treatment according to AC score was 8.6% and 7.7%, respectively. The students and their parents' demand for treatment were 40.6% and 44. 9%, respectively. Orthodontic treatment need in Abade is higher in comparison with other reports according to DHC. DHC is not correlated with orthodontic treatment demand of 12 years old students, but AC had a strong relationship with treatment demand

[Corrilation study between true horizontal plan, common horizontal and vertical parameters]

Using intra cranial reference lines is inherently unreliable for assessment of anterior-posterior jaw relationships. However, they are being widely used for cephalometric evaluation and diagnosis and treatment planning of orthodontic patient. The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation of the TH/AB and TH-Wits to the common horizontal and vertical analyses. This cross sectional descriptive study was conducted with 40 adults [20 male, 20 female] who were between 18-24 years-old and had no history of craniofacial disorders. Lateral cephalometries were taken for all patients, using Natural Head Position [NHP]. All the cephalograms were taken by the same radiologist and were traced by same person. Two orthodontists approved the results and the kappa statistics was calculated to determine intra-examiner agreement level. Pearson correlation coefficient value was determined between TH-Wits, TH/AB and horizontal parameters [Wits, Harvold, Wylie, APP-BPP, and ANB angle] and vertical parameters [Sn-GoGn, S-Go/N- Gn, TH-GoGn and sum of posterior angles]. The correlation analysis was used in order to determine the relationship between these parameters. The results revealed that the highest correlation in horizontal direction was observed between TH-Wits, TH/AB; and ANB [0.73] and APP-BPP [0.68 and 0.61]. In vertical direction, the highest correlation was demonstrated between TH-Wits, TH/AB; and sum of posterior angles [0.75 and 0.35]. In using TH-Wits and TH/AB, the effect of changes in vertical dimension and the lack of significant correlation between these parameters and linear horizontal analysis should be considered

[Evaluation of morphologic changes of mandibular symphysis after chin cup therapy in skeletally C1 III patients]

Chin cup is a orthopedic appliance for treating growing skeletally C1 III patients. The amount of chin forward movement in addition to morphologic changes in bony structure. Determines the final profile of treated patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the amount of morphologic changes of symphysis after chin cup therapy in skeletally C1 III patients. In this clinical trial, twenty eight cephalometries before and after chin cup therapy of 14 skeletally C1 III patients were analyzed. Landmarks introduced by Ricketts were determined to evaluate the symphysis individually were evaluated and analyzed. Data were analyzed by paired t and pearson tests with P<0.05 as the level of significance. The results showed that the height of symphysis increased after treatment [P=0.02], but its depth decreased [P=0.04]. The sysmphysis turned down and back. These findings suggest that in C1 III malocclusions with a prognathic mandible, chin cup therapy creates changes in the horizontal dimention of symphysis morphology, which improves the C1 III profile. If the patient isn't a vertical grower, vertical changes of symphysis would be desired. In addition, changes in the vertical dimension of the mandible [body and ramus] could be observed as a backward and downward rotation

[Evaluation of rotational and vertical dimensional changes of face and jaws following the use of [Fa II] functional device in CL II female patients]

The functional appliances can influence dentofacial growth of anterior-posterior posture of jaws. However, there would be some changes on other dimensions of face in pre-adolescent age group patients. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the influence of Fa II appliance on vertical and rotational growth of jaws in adolescent female cases. This clinical trial investigation was conducted with nineteen female CL II div.l participants who underwent functional therapy with Fa II appliance for 12-18 months. Lateral cephalograms were taken before and after treatment in order to compare them with untreated control subjects as well as the template group. Student t-test was used for statistical data analysis. The analysis of data showed that vertical dimensions were increased specially in lower part of the face [P<0.01]. No rotational changes occurred on the upper and lower jaws [mandible P=0.86 and maxilla P=0.58]. Direct relationship was observed between increasing vertical dimension on the posterior part of the face and forward rotation of mandible [P=0.004] and dentoalveolar drift of mandible with backward rotation [P=0.034]. Based on the results of this clinical trial, the Fa II functional appliance can increase the vertical dimension of face [posterior-anterior] and help with rotation of both jaws in positive directions; which is preferable therapy for normal and short CL II cases

relationship between patient, parent and orthodontic treatment need and demand in 17-year-old students residing in Abade/Iran

The planning of orthodontic treatment within a public health system requires information on the orthodontic treatment needs of the population. The aims of this study were to assess the student, parent and clinician normative need and demand for orthodontic treatment in a sample of Iranian students using the IOTN and to compare the treatment need levels according to sex and socio-economic status of the students and parents in urban and rural areas. A sample of 427, 17-year-old students was selected randomly from schools in Abade. A questionnaire of family socioeconomic status was proposed to the parents. All the students were examined according to the Aesthetic and Dental Health components [AC and DHC] of Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need. Students' and parents' perceived need was also assessed using AC. According to DHC classification, 18.7% of the students were in the "no need"; 35.6% in the "border line" and 45.7% in the "definite need" groups. The same categories for students assessed by the dentist were 66%, 30.2% and 3.7% respectively. AC assessment by students and parents entitled even more students in "no need" category. Sex and family income were the major factors in predicting orthodontic treatment demand [P<0.05]. Orthodontic demand was highly related to the AC score and this component is of more value in predicting students demand instead of DHC

correlation of smile line with the vertical cephalometric parameters of anterior facial height

In the evolution of orthodontics, the changes in soft tissue, especially smile line attracts considerable attention. The present study was carried out to evaluate the correlation of the smile line with the vertical parameters of anterior part of face. Forty-six Iranian adults, aged between 18-25 years were selected. Five quantitative and three qualitative variables of smile analysis were recorded for each subject. Cephalometric analysis was carried out using angular and linear parameters. The correlations between smile line variables and cephalometric parameters were calculated using Spearman and Pearson's correlation analyses. The result of this study showed that the cephalometric parameters of N-Me, Pn-Line, N-B, N-Pg had significant correlations with quantitative variable of tooth-lower lip position. The P-values were P=0.003, P=0.027, P=0.006, P=0.002 respectively. N-Me, N-B, N-Pg represented significant correlations with interlabial gap on smile [P= 0.006, P=0.036, P=0.002 respectively]. There was a significant correlation between N-Pg and quantitative factor of tooth-upper lip position [P=0.034]. Upper incisor to palatal plane showed a significant correlation with qualitative variable of tooth-upper lip position [P=0.019], interlabial gap on smile [P=0.004], and tooth-upper lip position [P=0.006]. Upper incisor to FH represented a reverse relation with incisal edge to lower lip [P=0.028].This parameter also showed significant correlations with quantitative factors of tooth-lower lip position [P=0.040] and crown height [P=0.002]. According to the results of this study, it can be concluded that, linear skeletal and dental vertical factors affect the vertical features of smile. Angular vertical parameters, except gonial angle, influence the vertical position of smile