Study of lumbar vertebral canal in Pakistanis and comparison with other races

An osteometric study of the anteroposterior diameter of the lumbar vertebral canal of normal adult Pakistani males and comparison to Nigerians was done. Fifty complete sets of adult male lumbar vertebra were studied. In Pakistani the mean sagittal diameter was narrow at the level of L1, L3, L4 and wider at L2 and L5. The canal body ratio was maintained at 0.5 at all levels. Inferior vertebral notch maintained its ratio at 0.3 at all levels except at L2 it was 0.4. The diameter of vertebral canal is narrow in Pakistanis as compared to Nigerians

Strengths and limitations of abgar scor: a critical appraisal

A cross sectional study was undertaken on 200 normally delivered newborns at Lady Aitchison hospital Lahore from august to december 1998. Apgar scores were recorded using the current virginia apgar scoring system at 1 and 5 minute interval. the newborns with scores 0-5 at 5 minutes were considered at higher risk for developing respiratory or neurological complications. our study showed significant difference [p<0.05] in scores of full term average birth weight [3 kg] and preterm low birth weight newborns [< 2 kg]. the 5 minutes scores were improved AS compared To 1 minute in 97% cases. More studies are recommended by increasing the apgar scoring time to 10 minutes in order to enhance the predictive value of this score for respiratory or neurological disabilities