ON ESTABLISHING OF PREDICTIVE MODEL OF TOTAL BODY WATER (I) / 体力科学

In this paper, it was aimed to establish a multiple regression equation to predict total body water (TBW) from several anthropometric measurement.<BR>Total body water was determined by the analysis of the dilution of orally ingested deuterium oxide (D<SUB>2</SUB>O) in urine of 27 Japanese females in 20-39 yrs. old, who vol-unteerly participated in this experiment.<BR>The anthropometric measurements were taken for each subject on standing height, body weight and a total of 8 body sites, including 4 skinfold thickness, 2 diameters, and 2 circumferences of limbs on the same day.<BR>The method of forward stepwise regression analysis was adopted to establish the regression equation. The rule of stopping to select the variables was F-statistics (F enter=1.8, F remove=1.7) .<BR>The results obtained were as follows.<BR>1) The mean value of TBW was 25.3 (l), which was less than the value of the American adolescent males reported by Schutte (1980) .<BR>2) Entered variables in this equation were body weight (WT), femur breadth (B1), humerus breadth (B2), abdomen skinfold thickness (S4) and the other variables contributed little.<BR>3) The regression equation obtained were as follows. y=8.70+0.189xWT+1.79xB2-0.092xS4+1.84xB1<BR>4) The multiple correlation coefficient and standard error of estimates of this regression equation were 0.908, 1.271 (l), respectively.<BR>5) An analysis of residuals by means of plotting of standardized residuals and predicted value showed that the defficiency of this equation was little recognized.<BR>We must pay most effort to establish the predictve equation on the samples which have been selected from populations defined on the basis of factors such as age, sex, or race alone or in combination.

A COMPARISON OF METHODS FOR ESTIMATING PERCENT BODY FAT / 体力科学

A comparative study was conducted between two independent methods to estimate body fat in a total population of 27 Japanese females (aged 20-40) . The two methods dealt with different body component parameters. Body fat was estimated (1) in terms of skinfolds according to the formula of Nagamine and Suzuki ('64), who used triceps and subscapular skinfolds, and (2) in terms of total body water based on the analysis of the dilution of orally ingested deuterium oxide (D<SUB>2</SUB>O) in urine. The estimate of the percent body fat by each of the two methods showed significant difference. The skinfold estimate of percent body fat was significantly lower than the D<SUB>2</SUB>O estimate. The best combination of four variables for predicting total body water was found to be humerus breadth, femur breadth, abdomen skinfold and body weight. The prediction equation based on humerus breadth, femur breadth, abdomen skinfold and body weight proved to be accurate for estimating total body water (R =.903 ; SEE=1.276) than the combination of skinfolds (r=.706) . Multiple regression equation was applied to the estimation of the total body water from these anthropometric measurements. Thus, the equation based on humerus breadth, femur breadth, abdomen skinfold and body weight could be instead of skinfolds to accurately estimate the criterion percent body fat.

ARRHYTHMIA AND PALMITOLEIC ACID / 体力科学

The variation of venous concentration of FFA as the effect of exercise under several nutritive conditions were tested on two subjects, <I>i, e</I>., 56 years old male and 20 years old female.<BR>Arrhythmia were recorded when sudden increase in palmitoleic acid in venous concentration was observed, while no arrhythmia were recorded otherwise. Arrtythmia seemed to have been prevented by intaking glucose prior to exercise.<BR>It was also observed that arrhythmia would easily be produced by sudden uprise of palmitoleic acid under hunger after low carbohydrate nutrition.

STUDY ON THE VARIATION OF CONCENTRATION OF LYSINE AND OTHER AMINO ACIDS BY THE ALL OUT EXERCISE WITH A BICYCLE ERGOMETER / 体力科学

Venous concentration of lysine and other 16 amino acids were determined in healthy 5 male 20-22 years of age subjects in the resting state, after 2 min from bigining of exercise, immediatetly after all-out exercise and 30 min after of the exercise with a bicycle ergometer at work intensities which will be fell into all-out in about 6 or 7 min.<BR>During 2 min exercise lysine only was increased, no change of glycine and puoline were observed and other amino acids were decreased. At the point of all out increase of threonine, lysine and histidine were observed, compared with resting state<BR>Alanine concentration at 30 min after of all out exercise was very high than that of resting state and same tendency but a little was observed on lysine. Other amino acids were decreased.<BR>A risk connected with exercise was discussed from the data of lysine obserbed high concentration during two min exercise concerning with the variation of other amino acids by the all-out exercise.

INFLUENCE OF THE BRIEF FAST AND VARIOUS EXERCISE ON THE VENOUS CONCENTRATION OF THE BRANCHED AMINO ACID AND LYSINE / 体力科学

The remarkable increase of branched amino acid and pretty decrease of lysine venous concentration were observed in healthy nine male and female adults by the brief fast.<BR>The increase of branched amino acid wasn't able to find by the various exercise generally. The increase of lysine venous concentration was found after the running more than 10km frequently.<BR>Only on the subjects of 44 and 55 years of age, the increase of branched chain amino acid and lysine were observed by the running. It looks like have to take precautions that aged people run under the conditions of empty stomach.

INFLUENCE OF THE BRIEF FAST ON THE VENOUS CONCENTRATION OF THE AMINO ACIDS / 体力科学

The change in the venous concentration of amino acids in normal male and female adults was studied. After the brief fast (about 40 hours) except for a higher concentration of branched-chain amino acids in the plasma of female subjects, there was essentially no significant difference between the plasma composition of amino acids in female or male subjects. In only one male subject (Rohler's Index was 106), the transient fall of the branched-chain amino acid concentrations.<BR>Low caloric diet feedings resulted in a marked reductions of the plasma serine, glutamic acid, proline, glycine, arginine and threonine. On the other hand, high protein and high fat diet feedings resulted is a remarkable increasing of the branched-chain amino acid concentration and marked reduction of the plasma alanine concentration.

INFIUENCE OF THE EXERCISE ON THE VENOUS AND THE URINE CONCENTRATIONS OF AMINO ACID / 体力科学

Influence of the all out exercise by the bicycle ergometer, all out exercise by the treadmill and the 5000 meter track running on the venous and urine concentrations of amino acid with healthy male and female subjects (include junior high school boys) were tested. The subject who was observed remarkable rise in his venous concentrations of amino acids was not always rose in his urine concentration of that.<BR>Generally, increasing ratio of serum alanine concentration was small and both the serum concntrations of essential and non-essential amino acids were reduced. On the several subjects increase of essential amino acids especially branched chain amino acids were observed. It seemed to us the sign of proteolysis according with the exercise. Quite a few difference of the effect on the serum amino acid concentrations among the individuals are observed.