Correction: Changes in Balancing Ability of Athletes With Chronic Ankle Instability After Foot Orthotics Application and Rehabilitation Exercises

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Changes in Balancing Ability of Athletes With Chronic Ankle Instability After Foot Orthotics Application and Rehabilitation Exercises

OBJECTIVE: To compare the effect of foot orthotics and rehabilitation exercises by assessing balancing ability and joint proprioception in athletes who have chronic ankle instability. METHODS: Forty-one athletes who visited hospitals due to chronic ankle instability were randomly assigned to two groups. One group had ankle rehabilitation exercises while the other group had the same rehabilitation exercises as well as foot orthotics. Joint position sense of the ankle joint was examined by using an isokinetic exercise machine. Balancing abilities categorized into static, dynamic and functional balance abilities were evaluated by using computerized posturography. We tested the subjects before and after the four-week rehabilitation program. RESULTS: After the four-week treatment, for joint reposition sense evaluation, external 75% angle evaluation was done, revealing that the group with the application of foot orthotics improved by -1.07+/-1.64 on average, showing no significant difference between the two groups (p>0.05). Static, dynamic and functional balancing abilities using balance masters were evaluated, revealing that the two groups improved in some items, but showing no significant difference between them (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: This study found that athletes with chronic ankle instability who had foot orthotics applied for four weeks improved their proprioceptive and balancing abilities, but did not show additional treatment effects compared with rehabilitation exercise treatment.

Autonomic Function in Chronic Alcoholic Patients

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship among the alcohol drinking history, autonomic symptom scores (ASS), and the autonomic functions measured with sympathetic skin response (SSR) and heart rate variability (HRV) of alcoholic patients, and to assess the difference between the values from the autonomic function tests of patients and normal controls. METHOD: SSR and HRV were measured in 44 patients and 26 controls. ASS and Toronto clinical neuropathy scoring system (TCNSS) scores were also assessed. For the HRV, the mean heart rate, standard deviation of the NN intervals (SDNN), total power (TP), very low frequency (VLF), low frequency (LF), and high frequency (HF) in both the supine and standing positions were evaluated. For the SSR, the onset latency and amplitude of both the palm and sole were measured. RESULTS: There were no significant relationships among the alcohol history, the TCNSS, and the results of the autonomic function tests. There were, however, significant relationships among their ASS and some values from autonomic function tests [i.e., the sole amplitudes, the SDNNs (supine), and the TPs (standing)]. There were significant differences between the sole amplitudes of the patients and controls. In HRV, there were significant differences between the patients and controls with respect to their SDNNs and TPs at a standing position. CONCLUSION: Autonomic function tests such as SSR and HRV are related to ASS, but not to alcohol history and TCNSS. Moreover, the values from the autonomic function tests of the alcoholic patients decreased, unlike the normal controls.

Change of Selection to Antihypertensive Drugs in Hypertensive Patients with Diabetes Mellitus: In Pohang . Gyeongju Primary Care Research Network / 가정의학회지

BACKGROUND: Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) or Angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockers (ARBs) are compelling indication drugs for hypertensive patients with diabetes mellitus. But prescription rate in 2005 year study of Pohang . Gyeongju area was only 30.8%. Therefore, a study on the change of prescription rate in the same area after 3 years was done. METHODS: During three months from January 2008, 152 hypertensive patients with diabetes mellitus on their prescribed antihypertensive medications by 9 family physicians in visiting order were analyzed. After the analysis, the infl uencing factors for such prescriptions were ascertained by directly visiting each physicians who prescribed them. RESULTS: A regimen of 16 antihypertensive agents were prescribed by these family physicians. Prescription count of ACEIs or ARBs was 101 cases (66.4%). ACEIs single therapy was 19 cases (12.5%), ACEIs combination therapy was 7 cases (4.6%), ARBs single therapy was 31 cases (20.4%) and ARBs combination therapy was 44 cases (28.9%). The ACEIs or ARBs which were selected by physicians that followed "compelling indication" was 5 (55.6%), "excellent reduce pressure effect" was 3 (33.3%) and "public relations of new medicine" was 1 (11.1%). CONCLUSION: In prescribing antihypertensive agents for patients with diabetes mellitus, selection of ACEIs or ARBs was increased from 30.8% to 66.4%. Education of recommended standard by participating in such study and developing of excellent new medicines may increase such change.

Desire to Void in Patients with Complete Spinal Cord Injury

OBJECTIVE: To classify complete spinal cord injury (SCI) patients based on the preservation of desire to void and to make clear the difference between each group METHOD: This study was performed retrospectively on 117 complete SCI patients with lesions above T11 who were referred to the urodynamic laboratory. Patients were classified according to the preservation of desire to void during conventional urodynamic study. The clinical and urodynamic characteristics of each group were analyzed. RESULTS: There were 37 patients (31.6%) with the preservation of desire to void. There were significantly lower compliance of bladder and longer duration from onset to examination in the sensory preservation group than the nonpreservation group (p<0.05). There were no significant difference in clinical features such as voiding method, the presence of autonomic dysreflexia between each group. CONCLUSION: The presence of desire to void was noted in 31.6% of complete SCI patients observed.

Rehabilitation of Bickerstaff's Brainstem Encephalitis with Guillain-Barre Syndrome: A case report

We reported a 32-year-old man diagnosed as Bickerstaff's brainstem encephalitis with Guillian-Barre syndrome. After plasmapheresis, his consciousness and respiratory function and motor strength improved. He was discharged without rehabilitation treatment and could perform activities of daily living independently on wheel chair level. For reducing cocontraction of lower extremity muscles, neuromuscular reeducation using EMG biofeedback was performed after admission. After a month of treatment, gait pattern was improved. He received rehabilitative managements such as pool therapy with gait training and improved to 4/5 grade at proximal lower extremities, but the endurance and the quality for his walking was poor because of the cocontraction of muscles in lower extremities. EMG biofeedback for the neuromuscular reeducation leading to each muscle's isolated movements was done. After 2-month rehabilitation, he could walk over 20 meters even level independently without walking aids. This case could be a good model for the effective neuromuscular reeducation.

The Diagnosis of Upper Urinary Tract Infection Using Abdominal Computerized Tomography in Spinal Cord Injured Patients

OBJECTIVE: To reveal the usefulness of abdominal computerized tomography (CT) for the detection of complicated and uncomplicated upper urinary tract infection (UTI)s in patients with spinal cord injury (SCI). METHOD: Twenty-two patients with SCI were included in this study. They had UTIs with persistent high fever despite conservative treatments. In all patients, abdominal CT was performed. RESULTS: Acute pyelonephritis (APN) with or without complications was detected in 13 patients (59.1%). Four patients were accompanied with complications, 1 perirenal abscess, 1 renal and perirenal abscess with staghorn stone, 1 urosepsis with renal abscess and 1 urosepsis. Simple nephrectomy was performed in a patient with perirenal and renal abscesses with a staghorn stone. Percutaneous abscess drainage was performed in one patient with perirenal abscess. They all recovered without further complications. CONCLUSION: Abdominal CT should be considered to detect uncomplicated and complicated upper UTIs in SCI patients who present persistent UTI symptoms despite conservative treatments.

Sex Hormone Profiles in Spinal Cord-Injured Patients

OBJECTIVE: It is known that spinal cord injury (SCI) in adult men may result in sex hormonal changes. To investigate this change, we compared sex hormone levels of male SCI patients, uninjured normal, and infertile subjects. METHOD: Serum levels of follicular-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), prolactin, testosterone were determined in 67 male SCI patients, 20 uninjured normal men and 39 idiopathic infertile men. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) procedures were performed with a significance level of 0.05. RESULTS: Compared with normal and infertile control groups, SCI patients had lower levels of testosterone and higher levels of prolactin. FSH levels of SCI patients were only lower than those of infertile controls. LH levels of SCI patients showed no significant difference. Compared with hormone levels of acute SCI patients, those of chronic SCI patients showed a tendency to increase in FSH, LH and testosterone, and a tendency to decrease in prolactin. Etiology of injury, completeness of injury and voiding method for neurogenic bladder did not influence the sex hormone levels in SCI patients. CONCLUSION: In our study, male SCI patients showed sex hormonal abnormalities of hypothalamo-pituitary type. And elevated serum prolactin level might influence hormonal changes and sexual dysfunction in male SCI patients.

Inhibition of tumor necrosis factor-alpha mRNA expression by a limited series of tetrahydroisoquinolines in mouse peritoneal macrophages

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) plays important roles in inflammatory responses. Some of tetrahydroisoquinoline (THI) compounds exhibited to inhibit iNOS expression in animal studies and RAW 264.7 cells, but the action of THI on inflammatory reaction was not fully investigated. In the present study, we examined a limited series of THIs (higenamine, YS-51 and THI-52) on the TNF-alpha mRNA expression in mouse peritoneal macrophages by Northern analysis. When thioglycollate-stimulated peritoneal macrophages were incubated with LPS (100 ng/ml), expression of TNF-alpha mRNA was evident and reached its maximum at 2.5 h, which was reduced concentration-dependently by treatment with THIs. When the TNF-alpha activity of macrophage-conditioned media was measured using a TNF-sensitive L929 fibroblast cell line, CCL 1, all THIs increased the cell viability in a concentration dependent manner. The concentrations of THIs used are not cytotoxic by itself when analysed by MTT. Furthermore, nitrite/nitrate level was significantly reduced by the presence of THIs in cells treated with LPS+ interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma). It is concluded, thus, that these results strongly indicated that THIs can suppress the TNF-alpha expression and reduce NO, which may be useful for the inflammatory disorders.

A Case of Loeffler's Endocarditis with Acute Obstruction of Common Iliac Artery

Loeffler's endocarditis is a recognized complication of diseases associated with eosinophilia. This disease is considered to be a part of the idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome, which is characterized by persistently elevated blood eosinohil counts with symptoms and signs of organ involvement especially in the heart, nervous system, and bone marrow. We have experienced a case of Loeffler's endocarditis in a 51 years old man who complained of leg pain due to acute closure of left iliac artery by emboli. We found left ventricular mural thrombus by echocardiography and confirmed Loeffler's endocarditis by endomyocardial biopsy. We present a case with the review of literatures.

A case of pheochromocytoma with electrocardiographic changes mimicking angina pectoris, and hypotensive crises / 대한내과학회지

No abstract available.

Histocompatibility antigens in primary gastric carcinoma of young adults / 대한암학회지

No abstract available.