Chromosomal Abnormality of Spontaneous Abortus in Relation to Transvaginal Ultrasonographic Finding / 대한산부인과학회잡지

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the importance of transvaginal ultrasonographic findings of spontaneous abortion and the relation of transvaginal ultrasonographic finding and the karyotype of abortus. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Transvaginal sonography was undergone to 48 subjects with spontaneous abortion in their early pregnancies who had visited Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, from March 1996 to June 1999. A chromosome analysis of their aborted products was done. RESULTS: The frequency of chromosome abnormalities of abortus was 47.9%. Among the chromosomal abnormalities, trisomy was 31.2%(simple trisomy 27.0%, double trisomy 4.2%), monosomy X 8.4%, poliploidy 8.4%(tripoidy 4.2%, tetraploidy 4.2%). The average maternal age for trisomy was 30.2+/-4.9, and their past number of spontaneous abortions was 1.0+/-0.9, with trisomy 16 most frequent with 23.0%. In the case with trisomy 5, 22, and double trisomy, the average maternal age was increased with 38.0, 36.0+/-2.8, 35.5+/-5.0, respectively. However, no significant relevance could be found. The average maternal age for polyploidy was 30.5+/-3.7, and their past number of spontaneous abortions was 1.0+/-2.0. No significant relevance could be found compared with normal karyotypes. The average maternal age for monosomy X was 27.5+/-1.7, which is lower than the average maternal age for normal karyotypes, but not significantly so. The mean number of past abortions was no different with 1.0+/-0.8. No significant relevance could be found between ultrasonographic findings and chromosomal abnormalities. The measured/expected crown-rump length ratio of the aborted group was smaller than those of the control group. CONCLUSION: Serial ultrasonographic findings in early pregnancies help to diagnose spontaneous abortion, but not efficient to diagnose chromosomal abnormalities in the aborted group.

The clinical significance of serum CA125 and CA19-9 levels in endometriosis / 대한산부인과학회잡지

OBJECTIVE: Because endometriosis is difficult to diagnose and has a high recurrence rate after treatment, a reliable serum marker of endometriosis is necessary. Therefore, the aim of this study is to measure the serum levels of CA125 and CA19-9 in patients with endometriosis before and after treatment and during recurrence, and to assess the usefulness of these levels in the diagnosis, clinical follow up and prediction of recurrence in endometriosis. METHODS: Eighty-eight patients who visited the department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Ewha Mokdong Hospital from January 1994 to December 1998 and were diagnosed as endometriosis by laparoscopy or explo-laparotomy were enrolled as subjects. A retrospective analysis of serum CA125 and CA19-9 levels at 1 month before and 3 to 6 months after initiation of treatment was done. RESULTS: The serum CA125 and CA19-9 levels of endometriosis group(81.0+/-252.5, 36.6+/-53.4 ; mean+/-2SD, U/ml) before treatment was significantly higher than control group(11.6+/-12.8, 9.4+/-8.6)(p<0.05). Overall sensitivity rate for CA125, CA19-9 levels and both was 53.4%, 42.9% and 64.3% respectively. The sensitivity rate for endometriosis, stage 3 and 4(85.4%, 55.0%) was significantly higher than that, stage 1 and 2(p<0.05). The serum CA125 level in endometriosis group showed a significant increment according to stages(p<0.05) while the serum CA19-9 level showed an increasing trend(p=0.055) and both levels decreased significantly after treatment(p<0.05). The serum CA125 level was also higher at recurrence after treatment(p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The serum CA125 and CA19-9 levels are a useful marker for diagnosing severity of disease, monitoring efficacy of treatment and predicting recurrence in endometriosis.

A Study on Mitomycin C Induced Damage to the Iris and Ciliary Body of Cats

This study was performed to investigate the toxicity of mitomycin C(MMC) on the iris and ciliary body of the cat. After anesthesia, MMC in 0.1, 0.2, or 0.4 mg/ml concenration was injected intracamerally and the equal volume of balanced salt solution(BSS) was injected intracamerally to the contralateral eye as a control. There were no significant difference between 0.1 mg/ml of MMC and BBS injection except for the enlargement of endoplasmic reticulum and destruction of cristae of ciliary body 14 days after MMC injection. Iris vessel was congested and mitochondria of ciliary body was enlarged and cristae was disrupted 7 days after 0.4 mg/ml of MMC injection. There were infiltration of inflammatory cell on the iris and increased cellular damage at the nonpigmented epithelium of ciliary body 21 days after 0.4 mg/ml of MMC injection. These results suggest that the caution is necessary to prevent high concentration of MMC from getting into the anterior chamber at the time of glaucoma filtering surgery in human.

Anteroir Uveal Vasculature in Rabbit Eye with Scanning Electron Microscopy

Using ocularluminal methylmethacrylate corrosion casting, we obsesved three-dimentional anterior uveal microcirculation of the rabbit eyes with scanning electron microscope. The two terminal branches of each long posterior ciliary artery turn opposite direction within the iris to run concentric to the pupil; the superior and inferior branches forming the major iridic circle (MIC). Radial branches run both proximally and distally from the MIC, the former distributing to the ciliary process, choroid and ciliary body and the latter distributing to the iris. Venous drainage of the anterior uvea is taken care of by the large iridociliary veins and by marginal capillaries of the process. Each of these drains to the large vessel layer of the choroid and subsquently to the vortex vein.

Anteroir Uveal Vasculature in Rabbit Eye with Scanning Electron Microscopy

Using ocularluminal methylmethacrylate corrosion casting, we obsesved three-dimentional anterior uveal microcirculation of the rabbit eyes with scanning electron microscope. The two terminal branches of each long posterior ciliary artery turn opposite direction within the iris to run concentric to the pupil; the superior and inferior branches forming the major iridic circle (MIC). Radial branches run both proximally and distally from the MIC, the former distributing to the ciliary process, choroid and ciliary body and the latter distributing to the iris. Venous drainage of the anterior uvea is taken care of by the large iridociliary veins and by marginal capillaries of the process. Each of these drains to the large vessel layer of the choroid and subsquently to the vortex vein.