Effects of Peroxynitrite on HSP 70 Expression in Cultured Normal Human Nasal Epithelial Cell

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Nitric Oxide (NO) is an endogenous mediator first characterized as an endothelium-derived relaxing factor. It is now recognized as a key mediator in many physiological process such as vasodilatation, neurotransmission, host defense, and iron metabolism. However, much remains to be determined about the pathophysiological role of NO in the airway. Peroxynitrite, which is synthesized by NO, is the diret cause of cellular toxicity in inflammatory reaction. In this study, we investigated the cellular toxcity of peroxynitrite by the expression of Heat-shock proteins 70 (HSP 70) in normal human nasal epithelium (NHNE) at the inflammatory conditions MATERIALS AND METHODS: 3-Morpholinosydronimone clorhydrate which is a peroxynitrite donor was mixed in the media of cultured NHNE cell. RESULTS: HSP 70 was expressed at the peroxynitrite environment of cultured NHNE cells and HSP 70 mRNA was detected with a time-dependent increasing pattern. CONCLUSION: Peroxynitrite may have a cytotoxic effect, and inhibition of peroxynitrite synthesis may have an important role for controlling the cytotoxic and inflammatory conditions of rhinitis and sinusitis.

Psychoanalysis of the Aesthetic Nasal Surgery / 대한이비인후과학회지

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Although there are many different reasons for rhinoplasty, there has not been any been systematic research conducted about different motivations patients have. The motivation for the surgery, the preferred shape of nose, the concerns about surgery, the terms needed to make the decision were different and greatly depended on the circumstances. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two hundred and seventeen persons who have been operated in the Inha Hospital from 1996 to 2000 have been consulted. The survey paper is constituted by fifty-one multiple-choice questions. RESULTS: For the question asking the main reason for wanting rhinoplasty, the majority answered it was to restore their injured nose. The next popular answer was the desire to have a better-shaped nose. For male patients, their deviated nose was caused by injury or accident, and thus desired to have the normal or the original shape of nose by operation. The survey revealed a different result for the opposite sex. The main reason for female patients' wanting rhinoplasty was to have a good-looking nose, and for that purpose they expressed their desire to heighten their nose. Interestingly, the concern about the side effects after the surgery was the greatest reason for avoiding rhinoplasty. CONCLUSION: Every surgery should be well-prepared with the exact analysis of the patient's nasal history and his special request.

New Forceps for Insertion of Implants in Augmentation Rhinoplasty / 대한이비인후과학회지

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: In general, Asians have noses characterized by a wide flat dorsum, a bulbous thick nasal tip, thick subcutaneous tissues with alar flare, and a short, retracted columella. Such anatomical characteristics have resulted in augmentation rhinoplasty to be the most popular procedure for Asian noses. In augmentation rhinoplasty, it is important to choose proper implant material and insert it into the exact position. But it is hard to insert relatively soft graft or implant such as cartilage and Gore-tex in the exact site. A new kind of forceps, named Jung's forceps, has been developed for implant insertion in augmentation rhinoplasty. We will introduce a new insertion technique using the Jung's forceps. MATERIALS AND METHODS: More than 300 cases of augmentation rhinoplasty was performed using the new forceps since January, 1999. The forceps was designed for grasping whole graft materials. It has 2 mm chink at the tip. This 2 mm chink was designed for passing the 26 gauge needle. When inserting a graft using the forceps, the 26 gauge needle could fix the graft percutaneously at the exact site by passing it through the chink of forceps. We compared the new technique with several previous methods and examined the differences among them. RESULTS: The procedure using the forceps was very easy, exact, and took less time than any other techniques. CONCLUSION: We concluded that the new forceps are useful in augmentation rhinoplasty and other cosmetic surgery.

The Effect of Capsaicin Spray in Nasal Hyperreactivity

Capsaicin, a nonenamide derived from Capsicum plants, has proven to be useful in patients with vasomotor rhintitis. In this study, we estimated the effects of 10-5 M capsaicin spray in patients with hypersensitive rhinitis. The drug was given 3 times per day for 3 days to each patient by means of a spray delivered to the nasal mucosa. Patient's symptom score was recorded by the same physician. We repeated this method after 1 week, 2 week, 4week, 8week, 12week, 16week and recorded their symptom score. As a result, the mean symptom score involving nasal obstruction, sneezing, rhinorrhea and itching was remarkably reduced by capsaicin spray. The present findings suggest that capsacine spray is a good therpheutic method for hypersensitive rhinitis patients.

The Effect of Capsaicin Spray in Nasal Hyperreactivity

Capsaicin, a nonenamide derived from Capsicum plants, has proven to be useful in patients with vasomotor rhintitis. In this study, we estimated the effects of 10-5 M capsaicin spray in patients with hypersensitive rhinitis. The drug was given 3 times per day for 3 days to each patient by means of a spray delivered to the nasal mucosa. Patient's symptom score was recorded by the same physician. We repeated this method after 1 week, 2 week, 4week, 8week, 12week, 16week and recorded their symptom score. As a result, the mean symptom score involving nasal obstruction, sneezing, rhinorrhea and itching was remarkably reduced by capsaicin spray. The present findings suggest that capsacine spray is a good therpheutic method for hypersensitive rhinitis patients.

Clinical Implication of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Bell's Palsy / 대한이비인후과학회지

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) with gadolimiun, an intravenous paramagnetic agent, shows non-enhancement of the cranial nerves in normal subjects. In the presence of inflammation or edema, gadolinium is absorbed into these tissues, resulting in enhancement on T1-weighted images. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical implication of gadolinium-enhanced MRI in Bell's palsy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: From 1994 to 1998, 19 patients with Bell's palsy were evaluated to assess the efficacy of gadolinium-enhanced MRI in determining the frequency, the site of facial nerve enhancement, and the relationship between electroneuronography(ENoG) findings and gadolinium-enhanced MRI. The data was compared to 40 patients with sudden sensorineural hearing loss who had temporal bone MRI. RESULTS: On gadolinium-enhanced MRI, 16 of 19 patients had abnormal contrast enhancement of the facial nerve, but nobody had abnormal contrast enhancement of the facial nerve in the control group. In particular, facial nerve enhancement was identified in the distal portion of the internal auditory canal, geniculate ganglion, labyrinthine segment (n=10), tympanic segment (n=10), and mastoid segment (n=7) of the facial nerve. The facial nerve was enhanced more frequently in patients in whom the degeneration of ENoG was more than 50%. The facial nerve was more frequently enhanced in patients who had a higher House-Blackmann grade. CONCLUSION: Gadolinium-enhanced MRI plays a important role in diagnosing Bell's palsy and in predicting the location of pathology of the facial nerve.

Clinical Usefulness of Laryngeal Electromyography for Patients with Vocal Cord Palsy / 대한이비인후과학회지

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Vocal cord palsy is a complex disorder which may result from numerous causes. Laryngeal electromyography is a valuable adjunct in the study of vocal cord dysfunction. It yields objective and reproducible data, and may establish the pathophysiology and prognosis of laryngeal nerve pathology. We investigated the clinical usefullness of laryngeal electromyography for patients with vocal cord palsy. MATERIAL & METHOD: Laryngeal EMG was performed for 35 patients diagnosed as vocal cord palsy. RESULTS: We defined complete denervation when electrical silence, fibrillation potential or positive sharp waves were seen. We defined partial denervation when motor unit potential with low amplitude and low frequency was seen. We planned treatment modality according to the laryngeal EMG findings. In case of complete denervation, phonosurgery was recommended, whereas voice therapy and observation were recommended when partial denervation was noted. CONCLUSION: Laryngeal EMG is clinically valuable for the evaluation of vocal cord palsy and can serve as a guideline for determining the treatment plan. It is also useful in anticipating the prognosis of laryngeal nerve palsy.

Two Cases of Bilateral Reversed Optokinetic Nystagmus / 대한이비인후과학회지

Normally, the fast phase of optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) beats on the opposite direction to the movement of an optokinetic stimulus. The fast component of OKN beating in the same direction are called "reversed OKN". Eventhough the mechanism of reversed OKN is still disputed, it is well known that reversed OKN occurs exclusively in patients with congenital nystagmus, or in some cases, with acquired neurologic disease. It is easy to diagnose the congenital nystagmus when the spontaneous nystagmus can be seen at birth. But when the congenital nystagmus can be seen only on eccentric gaze or when the patient has a wide neutral region around the primary position, the abnormal eye movement can not be detected until a medical examination is performed. It is thought that causes of reversed OKN may be the abnormal neural decussation of the visual system or spontaneous nystagmus. Recently, we experienced two cases of bidirectional reversed OKN as a congenital nystagmus. One patient had bilateral reversed optokinetic nystagmus and gaze evoked nystagmus, whereas the other patient had periodic alternative nystagmus and bilateral reversed OKN. Bilateral reversed OKN may be one of the pathognomic signs of congenital nystagmus.

Types of Nasal Septal Deformities Related to Nasal Symptoms: A Preliminary Report / 대한이비인후과학회지

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Nasal septal deformity (NSD) is one of the most common cause of nasal obstructions. However, many patients with NSD complain various symptoms besides nasal obstruction such as rhinorrhea, sneezing, nasal discomfort, etc. This study aims to investigate the frequencies of various types of NSD, and to analyze the relationship between types of NSD with nasal symptoms. MATERIALS AND METHOD: We prospectively analyzed the relationship between the patients with different types of NSD and their various nasal symptoms in 693 cases visited Severance Health Center from March to May 1997. We thoroughly evaluated them with careful history taking for their symptoms and meticulous physical examination for classifying the types of NSD using the anterior rhinoscope, nasal endoscope as well as palpation with cotton applicators. RESULTS: 273 cases (39.4%) had a certain type of NSD and 176 cases (25.3%) were suffering from nasal symptoms. According to the Mladina's Classification, the most common type was type I, and the overall prevalence of the nasal symtoms in NSD group was higher than the control group. The most common symptom was nasal obstruction, and its degree and other symptoms were positively correlated with the types of NSD. CONCLUSION: The NSD showed a positive correlation with various nasal symptoms and, therefore, the surgical treatment of NSD will not only improve nasal obstruction but also other various nasal symptoms.