Anticardiolipin antibodies in stroke patients in Sudan. Appraisal of their significance in a region of high burden of endemic infections

To screen and evaluate the significance of anticardiolipin seroprevalence in patients with acute ischemic stroke, in patients with infectious disease, and in healthy subjects resident in Sudan, a tropical country endemic for several infectious diseases. We conducted the study in Khartoum Teaching Hospital in Khartoum, Sudan between July 2003 and January 2005. We included 89 stroke cases, 30 infectious disease patients, and 30 asymptomatic healthy subjects. We estimated IgG and IgM anticardiolipin antibody titers in serum samples from all subjects in the 3 study categories at the time of hospital admission. We found a significantly higher prevalence of anticardiolipin antibodies in the stroke and infection groups compared to the healthy subjects. However, there was no significant difference in anticardiolipin seroprevalence between patients with stroke and patients with infectious disease. Caution is necessary when interpreting the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies as a stroke risk in patients harboring infection or living in places with high endemicity of infectious diseases

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome a case report and a clinical alert

Neuroleptic malignant syndrome is a life-threatening drug reaction to neuroleptic therapy. Two distinct modes of presentation are recognized, the incipient and the fulminant syndromes. Early recognition and commencement of treatment at the incipient phase dramatically improves the prognosis. In this reports we described a typical case of neuroepileptic malignant syndrome commencing with an incipient phase and presenting to us at the fulminant stage. The practicing physician is alerted to antecedent warning signs to establish early diagnosis before the development of the potentially lethal full- blown syndrome