[Equine coital exanthema development in a Dutch stallion from a horse riding club in Tehran]

Case History: Equine coital exanthema caused by Equine herpesvirus 3 [EHV3] was reported in 1900. At the present time, it has become epidemic among horses. The virus could be transmitted via insemination, iatrogenic, and it basically infects the squamous epithelium of the epidermis

Clinical Presentation: In the first week of January 2012 two mature male horses and a mare were imported from Netherland and kept in a stable of a horse riding club located around Tehran. In the first week of December, these animals manifested clinical signs of high fever with repeated intermittently for two times. During this period, one of the male horses developed exanthematous lesions on the penis and perinea tissues which depigmented later. Biopsy specimens obtained from the lesion processed for histopathological examination were stained with Harris H alpha E and nuclear fast Red methods

Diagnositc Testing: Microscopically, ballooning degeneration of squumous epithelium, acantholysis, epithelial ulcers accompanied by multiple bacterial colonies and the herpes virus intranuclear inclusion bodies with margination of nuclear chromatin were evident. Obviously the horse had EHV3 infection and the stresses resulted from high fever led to the reappearance of genital exanthematous lesions

Assessments: In spite of the contagious nature of the infection, the native horses kept in the same stable did not manifest any clinical sings of the infection and therefore the disease could be native. Since the EHV2 infection first affects upper respiratory infection with a high fever course and then induces viremia with another high fever period so it might be speculated that the primary disease of the Netherland horses caused by the EHV2 infection

[Visual estimation of post partum hemorrhage and its treatment]

Postpartum hemorrhage is a leading cause of maternal morbidity and mortality that is preventive by appropriate estimation of blood loss and its treatment. This study was undertaken to evaluate the accuracy of visual estimation of postpartum hemorrhage by clinicians and co worker who work in the obstetrics department. In this descriptive observational study, 199 educational/clinical personnel participated who worked in the obstetrics department of 3 training hospital in Mashhad in 2010. First characteristic of their occupation, educational and period of work experience recorded. Then scenes similar of postpartum hemorrhage were rebuilt by using of expired whole blood in five different volume [500, 1000, 1500, 2000, 2500, 3000 cc]. Participants looked each scenes and estimated volume and necessary treatment and record in forms. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 12 and fisher and student tests and relation between accurate volume of hemorrhage and estimated volume and treatment, occupation and experience of participants were determined. Accuracy visual estimation of blood loss in different volume of postpartum hemorrhage was between 14.3% to 52%. There was no significant association between the position of the participants and accuracy of their estimation and proposed treatments. There was no association between the staffs' work experience and accuracy of their estimation. Visual estimation of blood loss was not accurate in the majority of participants. For prevention of maternal morbidity and mortality education is necessary that to be skilled for accurate estimation of blood loss

Study of the prevalence and type of ophthalmic diseases among different breeds of horses in Tehran riding clubs

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and type of ophthalmic diseases among horse populations in the suburbian riding clubs of Tehran. Ophthalmologic examinations were performed in 901 horses and ocular lesions were diagnosed in 40 [4.4%] animals. In the 54 eyes of these horses that had ocular defects, 103 ocular abnormalities were detected. Of those horses affected, 65% showed abnormalities in one eye and 35% had abnormalities in both eyes. Various sequelae to ocular trauma and periodic ophthalmia were the most common and recognizable causes, which comprised 25% and 15% of horses with ocular defects, respectively

Gastrointestinal infection with Brachyspira spp in a filly with chronic diarrhea: a case report

An eleven month old filly was referred to the Research and Teaching Hospital of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine at the University of Tehran. The animal presented a three-week history of diarrhea and previous treatments had failed to effect a recovery. Based on the history, clinical findings and results of laboratory investigations, it was assumed that a gastrointestinal disorder was affecting the filly. After the exclusion of other possible etiologies, Brachyspira spp. became the most likely causative agent. Despite supportive therapy in hospital, the clinical condition of the filly deteriorated over the course of eleven days and the animal died of inanition and consequent multiple organ dysfunctions. Subsequent pathological investigation confirmed a Brachyspira spp. infection of the gastrointestinal tract. This report is believed to be the first equine case of Brachyspira-associated gastroenteritis

Fatal splenic rupture caused by an atypical malignant lymphoma in a Holstein cow

Postmortem examination of a 5.5-year-old Holstein cow with history of sudden death showed a very huge spleen [120 x 45 x 10 cm] associated with severe haemoperitoneum. Histopathological findings included extensive infiltration of medium to large sized lymphocytic and lymphoblastic cells with small amounts of cytoplasm, round nuclei with coarsely granular chromatin in the spleen, and limited foci of similar cellular infiltration in the liver. This case was diagnosed as a fatal splenic rupture caused by an atypical malignant lymphoma

Presentation of dermatophyte lesions on different sites of adult cattle

Seventy cattle suspected to dermatophytosis were examined between March and April 2003. The samples were taken from different lesions by scraping method. Direct microscopic examination and culture were carried out. The mean of infection duration was 2 weeks. Forty-three cases were appeared with positive clinical signs of dermatophytosis and 27 cases were asymptomatic. The etiologic agent of the infection was only Trichophyton verrucosum. A significant relation was observed between the frequency of head and neck lesions and other sites. There was a significant difference between the frequency of head lesions and other sites. Since human dermatophyte infections due to Trichophyton verrucosum have been reported repeatedly in Iran, it is necessary to design a preventive program such as developing an effective vaccine against dermatophytosis into the future

Protective effect of Johne's disease attenuated vaccine in an intensive non-tuberculosis free dairy

This study was carried out to control Johne's disease [JD] without interfering with tuberculosis [TB] control programme. A dairy herd [n>1500 heads] was used over a period of 6 years, from 1994 to 1999 for this investigation. The herd had a history of heavy infection with Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis [MAP] with culling rates of 1.5 and 5%, in 1991 and 1995, respectively. The mean annual losses due to the reduction in milk yield, pregnancy rate and carcass weight was about $32000. In addition, the farm has had positive tuberculin test. During this study, 2070 calves within 31 days of age, were inoculated once subcutaneously, with MERIAL JD attenuated vaccine, in the middle of brisket region. The vaccine protected the herd against JD effectively, so that from 1995 up to the end of 1999, the means of JD culling among 2-year-old vaccinated and unvaccinated cattle were 0.52 and 19.4%, respectively. This vaccination had no side-effects on TB control programme that was conducted by the comparative tuberculin test. In the site of inoculation, fibrocaseous inflammation, while increasing in size, was developed. during 2 years, on the majority of animals, this reaction disappeared; only in less than 1.5% of instances the lesion became tumoral. and permanent. These animals had no clinical abnormality. While inoculating the vaccine, the insertion of vaccine germ contaminated needles in fingers of vaccinators usually caused temporary, hard and painful inflammation. In one occasion, a progressive granuloma caused by vaccine germ was diagnosed histopathologically and treated with suitable antibiotics