Streptococcus pneumoniae keratitis after penetrating keratoplasty

This study aimed to determine the clinical course of Streptococcus pneomoniae keratitis following penetrating keratoplasty. A retrospective analysis was performed of hospital records of all patients who presented with culture-proven S. pneomoniae keratitis in the corneal graft between January 2011 and January 2016

This study included 8 eyes of 8 patients. Five patients were male, and three were female. The mean age of the patients was 61 +/- 9 years [range: 52-77 years]. The median time interval between surgery and infection was 11 months [range: 3-25 months]. Five eyes [62.5%] had graft failure after 6 weeks of treatment, and three eyes had complete remission with a mild corneal scarring. Re-penetrating keratoplasty was performed in two eyes with emergency tectonic penetrating keratoplasty and disease relapse in the graft

S. pneumoniae keratitis after penetrating keratoplasty is an extremely damaging disease. The clinical and microbiological diagnosis of the disease should be performed urgently, and appropriate treatment should be initiated without delay

Noonan syndrome eye signs: a case report

Noonan syndrome [NS] is a rare autosomal dominant inherited disease characterized by short stature, facial abnormalities, congenital heart defects, and urogenital malformations. It is important to know that eye signs are more frequent in patients and usually occur as hypertelorism, downward-sloping palpebral fissures, epicentral folds, ptosis, fracture defects, strabismus, amblyopia, nystagmus, coloboma, keratoconus, and, rarely, cataracts. A 14-year-old male patient suspected of having NS due to inferior pectus excavatum and diagnosed with NS on genetic evaluation was referred to the clinic to evaluate the ocular findings obtained from the ophthalmic examination. This rare syndrome is characterized by heterogeneous group involvement in various organs and requires a multidisciplinary approach to ensure early diagnosis and treatment of multiple malformations

Ocular microbiota

One of the most prominent of recent developments is the understanding of human microbiota. Microbiota is a group of microbes settled in a specific area, while microbial describes the total genome of these bacteria. The 10 trillion germs, equivalent to 10 times the total number of cells in the human body, live only in the intestines. The ocular surface is in constant contact with the external environment and has been shown to have a unique flora. The diversity, detection methods, and influence of this fluorophore on ocular immunity, personality, and extrinsic factors have been investigated and improved. Specific treatment of patients, planning of systemic and topical antibiotics, and perhaps ocular flora transplantation are the aims of future studies

Topical 0.05% cyclosporine a eyedrops for treating moderate-to-severe vernal keratoconjunctivitis

This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of topical cyclosporine A [CsA] 0.05% in patients with moderate-to-severe vernal keratoconjunctivitis [VKC]. This retrospective study included 37 patients who were admitted to the clinic between January 2015 and December 2015. All patients were diagnosed with moderate-to-severe VKC and treated with topical CsA 0.05% [Restasis Allergan, Inc. CA, USA]. The VKC diagnosis was based on patient history and typical clinical signs and symptoms. Sign and symptom scores of each patient were obtained at pretreatment and during treatment [1, 3, and 6 months]. Of the 37 patients, 20 [54.1%] were male and 17 [45.9%] were female. The mean age of the patients was 11.83 +/- 4.70 years [6-24 years]. The symptom-sign and total scores of the patients were significantly reduced at 1, 3, and 6 months compared with baseline values. Symptom-sign scores also significantly reduced from 1 month to 3 months and from 3 months to 6 months [P < 0.05]. Topical CsA 0.05% is an effective formulation used for treating moderate-to-severe VKC. It may reduce the need for steroids