ABSTRACT
Objective: To determine the Homocysteine levels in type 2 diabetics and correlate homocysteine with HbA1c levels, BMI, blood pressure and duration of diabetes
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Endocrinology Unit of Hayatabad Medical Complex [HMC] Peshawar and Rehman Medical Institute [RMI] Peshawar over a period of six months from July 2015 to December 2015. Data was recorded and analyzed in SPSS v 20. P value of less than 0.05 was taken as significant. Bivariate Pearson's correlation test was used to see the relationship between homocysteine and BMI, systolic BP and duration of diabetes
Results: One hundred twenty five patients were included in our study in which female were 68% and 32% were male with mean age of 51.45 +/- 8.37 years. Mean BMI expressed in kg/m2 was 28.71 +/- 4.76, mean systolic blood pressure was 130 +/- 20.98 mmHg, mean diastolic blood pressure was 83.36 +/- 11.28 mmHg and mean duration of diabetes was 7.018 +/- 6.18 years. Significant correlation was found between systolic blood pressure [r: 0.239, p: 0.007] and duration of diabetes with homocysteine [r: 0.302, p: 0.001]. The correlation of homocysteine with HbA1c and BMI was not significant
Conclusion: Systolic blood pressure and duration of diabetes showed a significant positive correlation with homocysteine. The correlation of homocysteine with HbA1c was not certain from researcher's point of view and further studies of larger sample size and longer duration must be conducted to ascertain the association between the two variables
ABSTRACT
The most common single cause of anemia worldwide is Iron deficiency. It results from other underlying diseases and to look for its cause is very crucial and is of far greater importance than restoring the iron stores and hemoglobin levels. To determine the frequency of common upper gastrointestinal endoscopic findings in elderly patients with iron deficiency anemia presenting with dyspepsia. Cross sectional descriptive study. Department of Medicine, Khyber Teaching hospital, Peshawar. March, 2011 to September, 2011. 116 patients, all the patients with iron deficiency anemia presenting with dyspepsia were subjected to upper gastrointestinal endoscopy to detect common findings as gastric erosions, peptic ulcer and gastric carcinoma. Data was analyzed with SPSS 10.0. On upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, normal findings were noted 30 [25.86%] patients and abnormal findings were noted in 86 [74.14%] patients including 45 [38.79%] patients with gastric erosions, 30 [25.86%] patients with peptic ulcer and 11 [9.48%] patients were found with gastric malignancy. Upper gastrointestinal lesions are common in elderly patients with iron deficiency anemia presenting with dyspepsia and must be screened by gastrointestinal endoscopy