ABSTRACT
Empowerment of wheat genotypes by application of growth regulators, compatible solutes and plant extracts under water restriction is an important strategy for getting sustainable yield. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of drought stress on the growth and yield of wheat genotypes and also monitor and compare the role of ABA, SA as well as moringa and mulbery leaf water extracts in improving drought tolerance of wheat genotypes. The work was performed at the research area of the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan, Pakistan. Three wheat cultivars Aas-2011, Faisalabad- 2008 and Triple dwarf-1 were subjected to drought stress (skipping the irrigation at grain filling stage). The wheat genotypes were subjected to treatments viz., T1 i.e. All normal irrigation without application of abscisic acid (ABA), salicylic acid (SA), moringa (MLE) and mulberry leaf water extract (MBLE), T2 i.e. skipping the irrigation at grain filling stage and application of 2µM ABA, T3 i.e. skipping the irrigation at grain filling stage and application of 10 m mol SA, T4 i.e. skipping the irrigation at grain filling stage and application of 15% MLE and T5 i.e. skipping the irrigation at grain filling stage and application of 10% MBLE. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design with factorial arrangement and repeated three times. From this study it is concluded that Aas-2011 shown best result under drought condition by applying growth regulators and plant water extracts.
O fortalecimento de genótipos de trigo pela aplicação de reguladores de crescimento, solutos compatíveis e extratos vegetais sob restrição hídrica é uma importante estratégia para obtenção de produção sustentável. Trilha de campo foi realizada na área de pesquisa da Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade de Ghazi, Dera Ghazi Khan, Paquistão. Três cultivares de trigo Aas-2011, Faisalabad-2008 e Triple anão-1 foram submetidas a estresse hídrico (pulando a irrigação no estágio de enchimento de grãos). Os genótipos de trigo foram submetidos a tratamentos, T1, ou seja, irrigação normal sem aplicação de ácido abscísico (ABA), ácido salicílico (SA), moringa (MLE) e extrato de água de amoreira (MBLE), T2¬, pular a irrigação em estágio de enchimento de grãos e aplicação de ABA 2µM, T3 ou seja, ignorando a irrigação no estágio de enchimento de grãos e aplicação de 10 m mol SA, T4 ou seja, ignorando a irrigação no estágio de enchimento de grãos e aplicação de 15% MLE e T5 ou seja, ignorando a irrigação no enchimento de grãos estágio e aplicação de 10% MBLE. O experimento foi exposto no delineamento de blocos completos casualizados com arranjo fatorial e repetido três vezes. A partir deste estudo conclui-se que Aas-2011 apresentou melhor resultado sob condição de seca, aplicando reguladores de crescimento e extratos de água de plantas.
Subject(s)
Plant Growth Regulators , Triticum , Moringa , Dehydration , MorusABSTRACT
Objectives: To evaluate the effects of clomiphene citrate alone versus combined metformin and clomiphene citrate in patients of polycystic ovarian syndrome with anovulatory infertility in increasing ovulation and pregnancy rate
Study design: A Randomized controlled study
Place and duration: The study was done at the infertility clinic of Gynaecology and Obstetrics dept of KRL hospital Islamabad for one year from 16th November, 2009 till 15th November, 2010
Methodology: 74 diagnosed patients of PCOS with anovulatory infertility were included in the study. Simple random sampling was done and 37 patients of group A were given clomiphene citrate from 50-150 mg on 2nd - 6th day of menstrual cycle, for 6 cycles. The patients of group B were given Metformin 1.5 gms daily for 6 months alongwith clomiphene citrate 50-150 mg on 2nd -6th day of menstrual period, maximum 6 cycles. Ovulation was monitored by transvaginal sonography and serum progesterone level measurement which was done on 21st day of the cycle. Pregnancy was confirmed by serum B-hCG
Results: The analysis showed that the ovulation was significantly higher [78%, 29/37] in group B as compared to group A [40.54%, 15/37], [P-value 0.001] in group B as compared to group A. Similarly the pregnancy rate was also significantly higher in group B i.e 62.16% [23/37] vs. 24.32% [9/37], P-value 0.001] as compared to group A
Conclusion: The results proved that metformin along with clomiphene citrate significantly improves ovulation and pregnancy rate in patients of PCOS with anovulatory infertility and the combination of both drugs produced far better results than clomiphene citrate alone
ABSTRACT
Protein S is a vitamin K dependent co-factor of protein C. Deficiency of Protein C and S results in a hypercoagulable state, which is treated with anticoagulation. This is the first report of a patient with combined protein C and S deficiency, who underwent a Cesarean section under spinal anesthesia in KRL Hospital Islamabad [Pakistan]
ABSTRACT
To evalmicroate the effects of oral zinc smicropplementation on the sermicrom zinc levels of pregnant women. Experimental [domicroble blinded randomized controlled trial]. PIMS and KRL Hospital, Islamabad, and commmicronity in tehsil Kahmicrota from April 2003 to April 2004. Pregnant women of 10 to 16 weeks gestation were invited to enter the stmicrody on their booking visit. A sample size of 125 in each gromicrop was calcmicrolated. After taking an informed consent, they were assigned to control or test gromicrop by simple random sampling techniqmicroe. A detailed qmicroestionnaire was filled-microp by trained staff and initial evalmicroation along with sermicrom zinc samples was collected. The smicrobjects were given either zinc smicrolphate powder, eqmicroivalent to 20 mg elemental zinc, or were given placebo treatment along with romicrotine smicropplements. These patients were followed microp thromicroghomicrot the pregnancy by health care providers and their compliance was monitored. At delivery, sermicrom samples were again collected for zinc estimation. The data was entered on compmicroter, cleaned and analyzed. Paired t-test was microsed for comparison of means. The data of 242 smicrobjects was analyzed at the end of the stmicrody. The mean age of the stmicrody participants was 25.7 +/- 4.8 years [range 16 to 40]. Both the gromicrops were similar in other demographic variables as socioeconomic statmicros, edmicrocation, BMI, height and weight. One-third of the patients had sermicrom zinc levels below 64microg/dl at the start of the stmicrody. A 128 pairs of pre and post-sermicrom zinc levels were analyzed in the two gromicrops [64 pairs in each gromicrop] to compare the means. The zinc smicropplemented women showed a mean increase of 14.7 microg/dl [95% CI 5-23] [P=0.002]. On the other hand the non-smicropplemented gromicrop showed an actmicroal decrease in the sermicrom zinc level which, however, did not reach statistical significance [P=0.47]. Oral zinc smicropplementation of pregnant women with 20 mg elemental zinc was effective in raising the sermicrom levels of zinc. It is smicroggested that smicropplementation trials with larger dose of zinc shomicrold be carried omicrot