[Effect of nail polish on pulse oximetry findings in healthy volunteers: a randomized clinical trail]

Pulse oximetry is the most common technique for monitoring hemoglobin oxygen saturation [SpO2]. Different colors and brands of nail polish may cause disturbance in the reading and interpretation of oxygen saturation. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of different colors of nail polish on oxygen saturation measured by pulse oximeter. Thirty healthy students with SpO2 >/= 95% and without obvious problems in nail bed and peripheral perfusion in ordinary room air, participated in this Clinical trial. Each volunteer sat in a chair for 10 minutes, maintaining the whole body at rest; then, the SpO2 baseline of CIean unpolished nail beds of all 10 fingers was measured and recorded. After this phase, the participants were asked to use each of 10 colors of nail polishes randomly and unrepeatedly to polish one of their fingernails. Nail polish was applied in two layers. After drying the nail polishes, the SpO2 was measured again. Data analysis was performed by statistical tests of Kolmogorov-Smirnov, paired t-, and Wilcoxon tests. Orange, pink, and purple nail polish had no effect on SpO2 [p>0.05], while other colors induced a statistically decrease in SpO2 [p<0.05], but this was not Clinically significant [<1.2%]. The results of this study revealed that nail polish has no Clinical effect on SpO2 measures by pulse oximeter in healthy subjects. Therefore, there is no need to spend time and money to Clean nail polish from individual's nails

Emotional experiences in surrogate mothers: a qualitative study

Surrogacy is one of the new techniques of assisted reproduction technology in which a woman carries and bears a child for another woman. In Iran, many Shia clerics and jurists considered it permissible so there is no religious prohibition for it. In addition to the risk of physical complications for complete surrogate mothers, the possibility of psychological complications resulted from emotional attachment to a living creature in the surrogate mother as another injury requires counseling and assessment prior to acceptance by infertile couples and complete surrogate mothers. The purpose of this study was to assess the emotional experiences of surrogate mothers. This was a qualitative, phenomenological study. We selected eight complete surrogate mothers in Isfahan. We used convenient sampling method and in-depth interview to collect the information. The data analysis was fulfilled via Colaizzi's seven-stage method. Reliability and validity study of the roots in the four-axis was done. The findings of these interviews were classified into two main themes and four sub themes: acquired experiences in pregnancy [feelings toward pregnancy, relationship with family, relatives and commissioning couple] and consequences of surrogacy [complications of pregnancy, religious and financial problems of surrogacy]. Surrogacy pregnancy should be considered as high-risk emotional experience because many of surrogate mothers may face negative experiences. Therefore, it is recommended that surrogates should receive professional counseling prior to, during and following pregnancy