Serotype distribution and drug resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae in hospitalized patients in Yulin, Guangxi / 中国热带医学

@#Abstract: Objective　To analyze the serotype distribution, drug resistance rate and drug resistance gene carrying of Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates in hospitalized patients, and evaluate the coverage of the vaccine to the serotype of Streptococcus pneumoniae in this area, so as to provide reference for the rational use of antibiotics in clinic. Methods　A total of 150 strains of non-repetitive Streptococcus pneumoniae isolated from inpatients from January 2015 to December 2019 were collected for serotyping and antimicrobial sensitivity test. The carrying rates of pbp2b, ermB and tetM were detected by PCR. Results　The PCR classification rate of 150 strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae was 93.1%, and the classification rate of capsular swelling test was 100%, and a total of 19 serotypes were divided, mainly 19F and 6B. Children's serotypes were predominantly 19F, 6B, and 15A; adult serotypes were predominantly 19F, 14, and 23F. The coverage rates of the PCV7, PCV10, PCV13 and PPV23 vaccines were 36.8%, 42.1%, 57.9% and 68.4%, respectively. Strains with serotypes of 19F, 6B, 3, and 23F had higher rates of resistance to antimicrobials. The sensitivity of Streptococcus pneumoniae to penicillin was greater than 96.0%. Antimicrobials with significant differences in resistance rates between invasive and non-invasive strains were penicillin, moxifloxacin, and levofloxacin. The percentage of strains carrying both ermB and tetM resistance genes was 96.0%, and the concordance rate between pbp2b, ermB and tetM resistance genes and the resistance phenotype was >98.0%. A total of 10 multi-resistance combinations were detected, with a multi-resistance rate of 62.6%, and the multi-drug resistance pattern of Streptococcus pneumoniae was mainly concentrated in the 19F and 6B serotypes. Conclusion　There are significant age differences in the serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae in this area. The vaccine currently used has low coverage in this region and therefore offer limited protection to the population. The drug resistance rates of Streptococcus pneumoniae varied significantly among serotypes. Erythromycin and tetracycline are not recommended for clinical treatment of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Penicillin can still be used as the first choice for clinical treatment of Streptococcus pneumoniae infection.

Combination of Dendrobium Mixture and Metformin Curbs the Development and Progression of Diabetic Cardiomyopathy by Targeting the lncRNA NEAT1

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to explore the efficacy of combination treatment with dendrobium mixture and metformin (Met) in diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) and its effects on NEAT1 and the Nrf2 signaling pathway. METHODS: H9c2 cells were maintained in medium supplemented with either low (5.5 mmol/L) or high (50 mmol/L) glucose. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a high-glucose diet and administered a single, low dose of streptozotocin (35 mg/kg) via intraperitoneal injection to induce the development of DM. After induction of DM, the rats were treated with dendrobium mixture (10 g/kg) and Met (0.18 g/kg) daily for 4 weeks. Next, quantitative reverse transcription (qRT)-PCR and western blotting were performed to evaluate the expression levels of target genes and proteins. Flow cytometry was performed to assess apoptosis, and hematoxylin and eosin staining was performed to evaluate the morphological changes in rat cardiac tissue. RESULTS: In patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and myocardial cells and heart tissues from rats with high glucose-induced DM, NEAT1 was downregulated, and the expression levels of Nrf2 were decreased (p<0.01, p<0.001). The combination of dendrobium mixture and Met upregulated the expression of NEAT1 which upregulated Nrf2 by targeting miR-23a-3p, resulting in reduced apoptosis and improved cardiac tissue morphology (p<0.01, p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Dendrobium mixture and Met upregulated the expression of NEAT1 in DCM, thereby inhibiting apoptosis of myocardial cells.

Expression of IL-25 and IL-33 and the count of EOS in peripheral blood of children with allergic rhinitis receiving immunotherapy / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVES@#To investigate the expression of IL-25,IL-33 and EOS in children with allergic rhinitis (AR).@*METHODS@#Ninety-four AR children receiving immunotherapy and 23 healthy people were concluded in the study. The serum levels of IL-25 and IL-33 were detected by Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), and a count of EOS were measured.@*RESULTS@#The serum levels of IL-25 and IL-33 in the mild group were higher than control group (0.05). The serum levels of IL-25 and IL-33 in the severe group were higher than those in mild group (<0.05). The serum levels of IL-25 and IL-33 in the severe group were higher than control group (<0.05). The count of EOS in the severe group were higher than those in mild group (<0.05). The count of EOS in the severe group were higher than those in control group (<0.05). Spearman test showed the serum levels of IL-25 in the children with AR patients have positive correlation with the serum levels of IL-33 (<0.05, =0.238).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Expression of IL-25 levels, IL-33 levels and the count of EOS in patients with AR are enhanced, which shows that IL-25, IL-33 and the count of EOS are involved in the AR. If we can understand the mechanism of them, it will profound implications for treatment.

The dissemination of CMV in urine of different group from Guangxi and the relationship between CMV infection and renal disease / 中华实验和临床病毒学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To detect Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) DNA in urine samples from the following groups: pregnant women, sick newborns, hospitalized nephropathy patients, renal transplant recipients and normal population. Preliminarily study the relationship of HCMV infection and renal disease.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>To detect HCMV DNA in morning urine samples by Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (FQ-PCR).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The positive rates of HCMV DNA in the urine of pregnant women,sick newborns, hospitalized nephropathy patients, renal transplant recipients and normal population are 8.18%, 3.45%, 18.54%, 25.42%, 0.56%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The infection rates of HCMV in the urine of pregnant women and sick newborns are very high in Guangxi, it should take serious measures to prevent and control the situation. HCMV probably participate in the injury of kidney, and worsen the disease. It should be one of the causes of renal disease.</p>

Comparison of indirect immunofluorescence assay and ELISA for detecting antinuclear antibodies and anti-double-stranded DNA antibodies / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare indirect immunofluorescence assay (IIFA) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detecting antinuclear antibodies (ANA) and anti-double-stranded DNA antibodies (anti-dsDNA).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 125 serum samples were obtained from patients with established or suspected autoimmune disease, and 82 samples were used for ANA detection and 57 for anti-dsDNA detection using both IIFA and ELISA. Fourteen samples were examined for both ANA and anti-dsDNA. In cases where discrepancy occurred in the results by the two methods, extractable nuclear antigens were detected using immunoblotting.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The positivity rate of ANA detected by IIFA and ELISA was significantly different (87.8% and 73.17%, respectively, P<0.01), but the positivity rate of anti-dsDNA was similar between IIFA and ELISA (77.19% and 71.93%, respectively, P>0.05). The percent agreement between the two testing methods with different cutoff values of ANA and anti-dsDNA showed significant differences (P<0.01), and for some uncommon patterns, the percent agreement of the two methods was lowered in ANA detection but remained unchanged for anti-dsDNA with different ANA patterns. High percent agreements of the two methods were obtained with the cutoff ANA titer of 1:100 and the cutoff anti-dsDNA value of weak positivity, but they demonstrated a significant difference in testing low-titer ANA and anti-dsDNA.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>IIFA is more sensitive than ELISA in detecting the total ANA and anti-dsDNA. ELISA prescreening combined with IIFA can obtain the information of the nuclear pattern and allow the observation of the titer alterations. The combination of two or more testing methods can greatly enhance the accuracy of the results.</p>

Comparison between Coulter LH-750 and URIT-12 for measuring hemoglobin concentration / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the feasibility of URIT-12 hemoglobin analyzer for fast measurement of hemoglobin concentration.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Hemoglobin concentration was detected in 100 random blood samples using URIT-12 hemoglobin analyzer and Coulter LH-750 hematology analyzer.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The two analyzers showed good correlation of the results (r=0.994) without significant difference between them (P>0.05). The linear range of URIT-12 hemoglobin analyzer was 46-240 g/L, and in the repeated measurements (20 times) of 3 batches of blood samples with low, moderate and high hemoglobin concentrations, the within-batch coefficient of variation of URIT-12 hemoglobin analyzer, from low to high concentrations, were 2.13%, 2.17%, and 2.33%, respectively. In the measurement of 4 batches of high-fat, high-bilirubin, high-globin and high-white-blood-cell blood samples, the interference rate of the former 3 samples were all less than 4% by the two devices, but that of the fourth sample was 10% by URIT-12 hemoglobin analyzer and 7% by Coulter LH-750 analyzer.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The results detected by URIT-12 hemoglobin analyzer have high accuracy and precision and is easy to operate, fast-testing and portable.</p>