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New healthcare reform has been achieved remarkable effects and had a lot of acceptance by people at home and abroad. As the reason of the historical and medical system problem, high Medicine Price still exists in the most area of China. It is necessary to establish a reasonable mechanism of drugpricing and improve financial efficiencies of medical reform to guarantee the smooth and healthy development of healthcare reform.
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OBJECTIVE: To make a more scientific and transparent decision in new drug pricing and reimbursement. METHODS: A hierarchy structure model was established based on analytic hierarchy process with an imagined antidepressant drug as an example; the priority weights were calculated, and the multiple factors influencing pricing and reimbursement decision were evaluated synthetically to derive the synthetic evaluation results. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS: The model can quantify part of the qualitative factors and provide reliable bases for drug pricing and reimbursement; although there are many factors and methodology issues need to be discussed when analytic hierarchy process is applied in reality, the method is realistic and feasible in drug pricing and reimbursement.
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OBJECTIVE:To discuss the pros and cons of Markov decision model, an optimized Markov model and to facilitate its application in pharmacoeconomics. METHODS: The basic characteristics of Markov model were introduced and the advantage of the Markov decision model in pharmacoeconomics was analyzed by comparing it with Markov model. RESULTS & CONCLUSION: Markov decision model can evaluate the economics of drugs and treatment methods more effectively than Markov model; moreover, it can alter medication or treatment methods according to patients' specific health status.
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OBJECTIVE:To evolve the construction of laws®ulations of Chinese pharmaceutical care in drug?stores.METHODS:16sets of standardized documents were sorted and analyzed by a second order analytical method of litera?ture research.RESULTS&CONCLUSION:What Chinese pharmaceutical care of drugstores lacked were laws®ulations,the law order of the current laws®ulations need to be improved,meanwhile the contents of pharmaceutical care should be added to some regulations,and the guided regulations concerning the enforcement,checking and evaluation,monitoring and administration of pharmaceutical care items should be formulated,the pharmaceutical care work of Chinese drugstores should be promoted through the construction of legal system.
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OBJECTIVE:To advocate the necessity of carrying out drug policy research in our country.METHODS:The concepts,contents,subject characteristics of drug policy and it trend of development were analyzed by transplanting the method of the public policy subject.RESULTS&CONCLUSIONS:It is of very great significance to carry out the study of drug policy,for it can not only improve the formulation system of drug policy but also provide valid theory and methods for the improvement to the quality of drug policy in our country.
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OBJECTIVE:To apply Markov model in the drug market and to discuss its effect on the forecasting of the dynamic state of drug market.METHOD:The principle of Markov model was expounded and its application in the forecasting of drug market was illustrated with examples.RESULT:Markov model was a forecasting method of many merits,which can be used to forecast those economy dynamic states that were in line with the condition of hypothesis.CONCLUSIONS:Markov model should be applied in drug market extensively.
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OBJECTIVE:To explore pharmacist's cognition on the factors affecting the drugstore-based pharmaceutical care(PC),and to discuss the relationship between the influencing factors and the influencing degree of these factors on pharmacists.METHODS:A questionnaire survey was carried out among pharmacists in drugstores in Xi'an city and a structural equation modeling(SEM)was formed to verify the factors affecting the drugstore-based PC.RESULTS:The questionnaire survey response rate was 84.7%(133/157).The data obtained fit the theoretical model satisfactorily.Partial of the hypotheses have been proved.CONCLUSIONS:According to SEM testing results,the development of trade were positively related to drugstore;drugstore has a direct positive impact on social evaluation,the practice of basic PC and advanced PC in drugstores;the quality of pharmacists has a direct positive impact on the social evaluation and the practice of advanced PC in drugstores.
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OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the meta-analysis effect of pharmaceutical care(PC)program in asthma patients in community pharmacies.METHODS:The author searched 5 electronic databases(China Journal Net,Academic Search Premier(ASP),Blackwell,Elsevier,John Wiley)from 1999 to Mar 2006.And then the randomized controlled trials by the intervention measures of the medicine consultation and health education were made,Moreover,the literatures were selected by 2 valuators.A meta-analysis was conducted by means of Review Manager 4.2 software.RESULTS:We included 4 randomized controlled trials,1 298 asthma patients,homogeneityte test result X2=1.28(P=0.73).Geostatistical analysis is made by fixed effect model.As compared with the control group,the PC program increased patients'PEFRs in PC group significantly(the combined SMD=0.19,95%confidence interval:0.08～0.30(P=0.0 006).CONCLUSION:PC program in community pharmacies is an effective option in asthma prevention and treatment.The pharmaceutical care program in asthma patients in community pharmacies is effective management model of disease.
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OBJECTIVE:To analyze the manifestations of hospital irrational drug use.METHODS:By retrieving CNKI full - text data base from 1998 to 2008 with"hospital"and"irrational drug use"as keywords,a total of 23 research papers related to irrational drug use were obtained and which were summarized analytically.RESULTS:The irrational drug use in our hospital manifested predominantly as irrational usage and dosage and unreasonable compatibility of drugs followed by irrational selection of drugs,repeated drug use,non-medical error,and abuse of antibiotics or hormones.CONCLUSION:In view of the above manifestations,it is urgent to take full consideration of the hospital pharmaceutical administration system in China and take multi - sided scientific intervention countermeasures so as to effectively improve the level of rational drug use in our hospital.
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OBJECTIVE:To probe into the practical importance of project management in the new drug Research&De-velopment.METHODS:The foreign project management in the new drug Research&Development was reviewed,the dif-ferences of which in the development of innovative drugs and the imitated drugs were analyzed.RESULTS&CONCLUSION:A complete,detailed and practical project program must be work out to enhance project management in the new drug Research&Development of China,an working group that of clear position&responsibility and high efficiency should be established,and a rigorous project monitoring should be carried out.
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OBJECTIVE:To seek an effective starting point for the improvement of pharmacy administration efficiency(PAE)in China.METHODS:Level of PAE in China,the existing problems and their root causes were analyzed using a systematic methodology.RESULTS&CONCLUSIONS:Level of PAE in China is far from perfect,which may be attributed to the narrowly defined boundary of pharmacy administrating system,the lack of systematic understanding and command of relevant factors and the unscientific,non-integrated objective of pharmacy administration.It is advisable to enlarge system boundary,adjust the objective of pharmacy administration,and adopt a systematic point of view and methodology in the practice of pharmacy administration.
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OBJECTIVE:To strengthen people's awareness of pharmacovigilance.METHODS:The pharmacovigilance associated knowledge was introduced,and the status quo about pharmacovigilance working in China and the challenge posed by which were analyzed,then the corresponding countermeasures were presented.RESULTS&CONCLUSIONS:Only through strengthening people's pharmacovigilance can the adverse drugs reactions and the related problems be reduced,and only by so people's level of rational use of drugs could be improved.
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To discuss the current situation of Chinese materia medica industry and put forward tactics for the construction of innovation system based on the theory of national innovational system. Now there are several problems in the innovation system of Chinese materia medica industry, such as the lack of resource, the ambiguity between the subject and object, achievments in scientific research being hardly transformed to products, and the ignorance of training personnel, etc. These problems should be solved by taking measures so as to establish the innovation system of Chinese materia medica industry as soon as possible and make great efforts on the subject, the platform, the qualified personnel resource, and the institution of the innovation system.
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The pharmacodynamic methodology of Chinese materia medica (PMCMM) at present was discussed comprehensively in this article and the problems were found While the primary study on the PMCMM was carried out This article offers that the development of the science of Chinese traditional medicine is the premise and basis of the study of PMCMM, especially that the breakthrough of modern study on the theory of viscera state and channel theory and channel tropism theory leads dominantly the study of PMCMM; the four dimensional system theory has been investigated in PMCMM, on the two dimensional basis of the physical foundation of medicinal efficacy and the mechanism of medicinal efficacy, the time dimension and human spirit dimension are added
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OBJECTIVE:To draw a comparison between domestic and foreign community pharmacies with regard to con?tents and form of pharmaceutical care research.METHODS:The related literature was retrieved and subjected to induction,generalization,comparison and analysis by reviewing and comparison.RESULTS&CONCLUSION:The pharmaceutical care research in community pharmacy abroad was abundant in theories,scientific in methodology,definite in objective,and substan?tial in content,which serves as a mirror for similar research in China.
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OBJECTIVE:To divided the attribute of drug and to promote the study of pharmaceutical policy.METHODS:Through adopt the methods of deductive,to analyze the character of drug,then divided the attribute of drug.RESULTS&CONCLUSIONS:Thinking the attribute of drug is complicated,with considering it’s fairness,consumption feature of drug and external feature of disease,it could divide into three kinds,private product,common resource and public product.
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OBJECTIVE:To discuss the social factors influencing therapeutic effects of drugs.METHODS:The relevant literature were reviewed and collected to analyse the causes of social factors in influencing therapeutic effects of drugs.RESUL_ TS&CONCLUSION:The efficient amse in affecting actions of drugs is abuse of drugs.In order to avoid the abuse of drugs,we should strengthen the management of drug circulation,establish mechanisms of fair competition and management of OTC,in supervising clinical physicians and guarding against the abuse of drugs.