ABSTRACT
<p>The purpose of this study is to clarify the effect of hip, knee, and ankle joint contractures on the joint angle and joint moment during standing posture using a mechanics simulation. A two-dimensional segment model (trunk, thighs, shanks, and feet) was created, and the standing postures for various hip, knee, and ankle joint angle configurations were generated (i.e. 743 types of standing postures). The hip, knee, and ankle joint contractures were reproduced by manipulating the joint stiffness, and optimal standing posture when the minimum value of the sum of muscle activities was obtained. When the hip joint contracture was developed during standing posture, the hip and knee flexion angle, and the hip and knee extension moment increased as well. When the knee joint contracture was developed during standing posture, the hip and knee flexion angle, ankle dorsiflexion angle, and the knee extension moment increased. When the ankle joint contracture was developed during standing posture, the hip flexion angle and the ankle plantarflexion angle increased and the knee joint was extended; the hip extension moment and knee flexion moment also increased. The findings of this study may help to improve abnormal standing posture through physical therapy.</p>