ABSTRACT
Diclofenac sodium, a Non-Steroidal anti-inflammatory agent [NSAIDs], is being prescribed since many decades for the treatment of rheumatic diseases as well as for the relief of pain and fever. It is the inhibitor of enzyme cyclooxygenase. Unfortunately its use is often accompanied by gastro-intestinal renal and hepatic side effects. Renal dysfunction is characterized from acute renal failure to chronic injury. We herein report the damaging effect of diclofenac sodium on the ultrastructure of PCT of rabbit kidney by increasing the doses above the recommended. Experimental Study. This study was conducted at the Institute of Basic Medical Sciences [IBMS], Dow University of Health Sciences from March 2009 to March 2010. In this study 88 male albino rats were selected, they were divided into 4 groups group A received normal saline 2 ml/kg, group B diclofenac sodium 2mg/kg body weight group C 4 mg/kg and group D 6 mg/kg for two weeks. At the end of experiment animals were sacrificed, dissected, kidneys were identified, fixed in 4% gluterldehyde than 1% osmium tetraoxide and passed through graded alcohols, infiltrated and embedded in resins. Semithin 3-4 microm sections were stained with toluidine, ultrathin 1microm with uranyle acetate. Tissue sections were observed under transmission electron microscope. Tissue changes were graded as 0, +, ++ and +++, no change, mild moderate and severe changes respectively. The results were then analyzed statistically. There were non-significant changes in the cell organelles of PCT in group A and B, while significant changes were observed in group C and highly significant in group D. Diclofenac sodium has damaging effect on the mitochondria of PCT cells far before the light microscopic changes. So its use should be restricted only in very painful conditions. Secondly in case of prolong treatment follow up with regular renal function test should be carried out
ABSTRACT
To study the effects of commonly used non steroidal anti-inflammatory drug diclofenac sodium on the kidneys of young albino rats after therapeutic dose. Early clinical and pharmacological studied of oral and parental forms of diclofenac sodium began shortly after the drug was discovered. However there is scanty information about the toxicities of normal dose of diclofenac in young albino rats. The present study is therefore designed to observe the gross and microscopic changes in kidney following administration of this drug in young albino rats. For this experimental study 16 albino rats were used; they were divided into two groups, each comprising of 8 animals. Group-1 received normal saline 10ml/kg body weight while group-2 received diclofenac sodium 2mg/ kg body weight for two weeks. Micrometry was done on kidney tissue for proximal and distal tubular count, their diameter and the no of cells in these tubules. Highly significant changes were observed both in proximal and distal tubules of kidney. Even in therapeutic doses, Diclofenac Sodium causes damage to kidney tubules in young albino rats