ABSTRACT
Background: Plaque brachytherapy is an evolving, yet effective globe and vision-sparing modality for the treatment of intraocular tumors by transscleral irradiation of the tumor base with a radioactive implant. The American Brachytherapy Society (ABS) along with the collaboration of the international multicenter Ophthalmic Oncology Task Force (OOTF) was assembled to reach a consensus regarding establishing practice guidelines and setting standards of care for intraocular tumors. The advent of plaque brachytherapy has revolutionized the outcomes of intraocular tumors, thus ensuring globe salvage, reducing morbidity and mortality, and avoiding cosmetic disfigurement. A well-planned dosimetry for plaque brachytherapy results in achieving local tumor control and excellent prognosis. Purpose: This technique provides the advantage of focal radiation, thus eliminating the damage to the adjacent structures, minimal periorbital tissue damage, absence of cosmetic disfigurement owing to lack of retarded bone growth as seen in external beam radiotherapy. Thus, it reduces the risk of metastasis, and with the recent advances, it provides a shorter duration of treatment. Synopsis: In this video, we shall display the concept of plaque brachytherapy, the various types of plaques available, different radiations sources, planning dosimetry and calculations, target disease spectrum, surgical placement, and post-radiation outcomes in terms of local tumor control and prognosis. Highlights: This video highlights the history, basic principles and techniques of plaque brachytherapy and provides an understanding of its applications in the world of ocular oncology.
ABSTRACT
Background: Pigmented lesions in the conjunctiva can be baffling to both the patients and the treating ophthalmologist because of their varied range of presentation and overlapping clinical features. The lesions range from incidental pigment deposition such as mascara and complexion?associated melanosis to malignant melanoma which poses a risk to life. Similarly, the management ranges from observation at regular intervals to aggressive surgery like exenteration. Purpose: We wanted to present a crisp and precise video of the good, bad, and ugly pigmented lesions of the conjunctiva, highlighting their specific clinical features important for the diagnosis and their management. Synopsis: This video describes the myriad of pigmented conjunctival lesions, their diagnostic characteristics, and management based on oncological principles. Link: https:// drive.google.com/file/d/1BYJ51rQtqjwM6e73BwrrLqdC1EoX A8Eu/view?usp=sharing. Highlights: Pigmented lesions can have variable presentation and close mimics, therefore, it is important to differentiate and identify the lesions accurately. This video highlights different pigmented lesions and their individual characteristic features
ABSTRACT
Background: A good anesthesia not only makes the patient comfortable during surgery, but also has a huge impact on the postoperative recovery. It also makes the operating surgeon carry out each step of the surgery precisely and beautifully. The art of giving a good local anesthesia is to be learnt and practiced not only by anesthetists, but also by the practicing ophthalmologists. Purpose: This video gives an overview of anatomy in terms of the nerve supply of the orbit, the surface marking, and the techniques of giving regional and nerve blocks. Synopsis: In this video, we describe the anatomy, the surface marking, the technique of regional anesthesia including peribulbar, retrobulbar, and subtenon blocks and of nerve blocks, specifically of facial, frontal nerve and its branches, infraorbital, nasociliary, infratrochlear, and dorsal nasal nerves, with their application in ocular plastic surgery. Highlights: This video highlights the essence of providing appropriate and good anesthesia so that the surgeon works in an optimal field with maximum comfort to the patients.
ABSTRACT
Background: In 1978, the advent of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was a remarkable volte-face in the world of diagnostics. Employing the phenomenon of nuclear resonance enables us to exploit the properties of differential protons in living tissues. The ability of providing higher and variable contrast and the absence of ionizing radiations make it superior to computed tomography. Being the diagnostic tool of choice, it is an indispensable part of assessment of the location and characteristics of different ocular and orbital pathologies (vascular, inflammatory, and neoplastic). Purpose: The intrinsic and extrinsic properties of MRI provide multi-parametric imaging, making it of paramount importance in ophthalmological evaluation. Also, MRI-dynamic color mapping provides non-invasive and quantitative assessment of soft tissues in motion. An in-depth knowledge of the basic principle and technique of MRI aids in diagnosing as well optimal planning of surgical interventions. Synopsis: In this video, we shall be displaying the anatomical, clinical, and radiological aspects of MRI with an overlap to make it easier to understand the implications of this miraculous invention. Highlights: A good understanding of MRI analysis makes the ophthalmologists independent and helps in ruling out the differential diagnoses, exact extent and invasion, precise surgical planning and therefore, avoiding tragic outcomes. This video is an attempt to simplify and emphasize on the importance of MRI interpretation for an ophthalmologist.