ABSTRACT
Objectives: To compare depression and psychological well-being between caregivers of schizophrenic patients and non-caregivers and to study the burden of caregiving as a relative risk for depression and psychological well-being
Methods: This cross sectional comparative study was conducted at International Islamic university Islamabad from January to September 2017. Fifty informal caregivers of schizophrenic patients from 19 to 55 years of age were included in the study. The control group consisted of age and socio-economic status matched healthy volunteers who did not have any psychological or medical patient at home needing care and assistance. For measurement of study variables i.e., burden of caregiving, depression and psychological well-being, instruments used were Zarit Burden Interview [ZBI], The Beck Depression Inventory [BDI] and Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale [WEMWBS] respectively
Results: Results were analyzed using MANOVA followed by One-Way ANOVA. Findings indicated that informal caregivers of schizophrenia have greater depression and poor psychological well-being in comparison to the non-caregiver controls. Association of caregiving burden with psychological well-being and depression was calculated using Chi Square test and relative risk
Conclusion: Caregiving adversely affects informal caregivers' mental health and wellbeing. Informal caregiving is a burden for the caregivers; health status of family members involved in caregiving should be routinely assessed to enhance their health-related quality of life
ABSTRACT
Objective: To study the effectiveness of mandala-coloring as a therapeutic intervention for reducing anxiety in university students
Study Design: Quasi experimental study
Place and Duration of Study: International Islamic University Islamabad, from Feb to Jun 2016
Material and Methods: A sample of 100 university students of 13-18 years of education was taken [men=50, women=50] with the age range of 18 to 34 years. Convenience sampling technique was used. A pretest-posttest design was adopted in which State-Trait Anxiety Inventory was administered to measure the levels of State Anxiety and Trait Anxiety before and after coloring a pre-drawn mandala
Results: Results were analyzed using t-test. They indicated that there was a significant difference in the levels of State and Trait Anxieties in the pretest and posttest measures in both men and women
Conclusion: Using mandala-coloring as a therapeutic intervention can reduce State Anxiety and Trait Anxiety in university students
ABSTRACT
Background: Menopause causes deterioration of functioning in routine, social, and sexual life of women. The objective of present study was to compare menopause symptoms and climacteric depression in women with and without hormone replacement therapy [HRT]
Methods: This crosssectional comparative study was conducted in the Gynaecology Wards of hospitals and private clinics in Rawalpindi/Islamabad, from September 2015 to January 2016. One hundred menopausal women were included through non-probability purposive sampling. The subjects were divided into two groups of 50 each with and without hormone replacement therapy. The study variables were measured through Menopause Rating Scale and MENO-D
Results: Psychometric properties showed high reliability of study instruments, for MENO-D [alpha=0.79] and Menopause Rating Scale [alpha=0.93]. Women not taking hormone replacement therapy reported severe symptoms of menopause and climacteric depression in comparison to women taking hormone replacement therapy [p<0.001]
Conclusion: The menopausal symptoms are less in women taking HRT. Hormone replacement therapy is beneficial for controlling severity of climacteric depression. The women may enjoy better mental health with hormone replacement therapy
ABSTRACT
Patients with cardiovascular disease [CVD] have the symptoms of anxiety in common that may result in adverse outcomes. Due to the significant association of anxiety and CVD, scheduled screening of all cardiac patients has been recommended by the medical authorities like the American Heart Association. But in Pakistan it is not a common practice to use such tools, reason being unavailability of such screening tools in national language therefore specifically death anxiety is unrecognized and no measures are taken for it and patients remain undertreated with death anxiety that may eventually influence on the treatment and prognosis of the patients. Colleges and hospitals of the Rawalpindi and Islamabad. 6 months. The study was designed to translate and validate the Death Anxiety Scale in Urdu language to be used with Pakistani population. The sample consisted of 210 participants [70 Youngsters [normal group] 70 Elderly and 70 patients with cardiovascular diseases [clinical group] from colleges and hospitals of the Rawalpindi and Islamabad. To determine the psychometric properties, reliability and validity; cronbach alpha, split-half reliability, correlation, factor analysis were computed. Death Anxiety Scale-Urdu [DAS-U][] has adequate reliability and validity. Factor analysis showed multifaceted structure for the DAS-U, bearing in mind the apposite psychometric characteristics; it can be used in researches about death anxiety. The use of the scale is reasonable for the measurement of death anxiety in CVD patients and it can be employed in order to have successful treatment and improve the prognosis of the patients
ABSTRACT
The present study was aimed to explore the relationship of masculinity and smoking among working women. The instrument used to measure the masculinity and femininity of the participants was BSRI [BEM sex Role Inventory,]. The sample consisted to 50 females aged between 25 and 35. They were divided into two groups: Group I smoker women [n=25] and Group II nonsmoker women [n=25]. To analyze the data, the t-test was applied. The results were drawn out from two different hypotheses. The first hypothesis was accepted which has shown that there is a significant relationship between masculinity and smoking. The result of the second hypothesis indicates that there is no significant relationship of scores on femininity and smoking