ABSTRACT
A preliminary survey of larvae and pupae of black flies (Diptera: Simuliidae) was conducted in three recreation parks [Templer Recreation Park (TRP), Congkak River Forest Reserve (CRFR) and Ampang Forest Reserve (AFR)] located in Selangor State, which is located 18 to 35 km from Kuala Lumpur city center, Malaysia. This study was initiated to determine the distribution and abundance of filarial vectors, Simulium spp. A total of 12 species of black flies belonging to three subgenera (Gomphostilbia, Simulium and Nevermannia) were collected. Simulium (Simulium) nobile was incriminated as the most dominant species in all recreation parks. This study is a first report on the distribution and abundance of black flies obtained from recreation parks in Malaysia.
ABSTRACT
We describe a patient who developed bilateral pleural effusions as a delayed complication following central venous catheter insertion. Respiratory distress should not only raise the clinical suspicion of a pneumothorax but also of erosion and perforation of the central vein. The mechanism, diagnosis, management and prevention of this complication are discussed.
Subject(s)
Adult , Catheterization, Central Venous/adverse effects , Female , Foreign-Body Migration/diagnosis , Humans , Pleural Cavity , Pleural Effusion/etiology , Vena Cava, SuperiorABSTRACT
The objective of the study was to survey school sanitation facilities in two health districts in Yaounde. Questionnaires were administered to head teachers by medical students during the sanitary inspection of school premises. 15 out of 30 schools surveyed (50 percent) did not have the minimum number of toilets ; 25 schools (83 percent) did not have enough wash basins while 27 (90 percent) did not have enough urinals. All nursery schools had soap; toilet paper and hand towels in wash rooms as opposed to very few primary and secondary schools. School health nurses were not involved in health education and sanitation activities. Both head teachers and surveyors rated sanitation in the schools to be fair or poor in well over 59 percent of cases. Recommendations have been made for present Cameroonian sanitary norms to be updated and their strict application ensured