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MicroRNA-20a-5p (miR-20a-5p) has been shown to function as a tumor promoter factor in several cancers. However, its role in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) remains unclear. In this study, we have made an attempt to measure the tumor tissue levels of miR-20a-5p in patients with SCLC using quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The biological function of miR-20a-5p in SCLC cells was investigated in vitro and in vivo studies, including cell proliferation, migration assays and tumorigenicity in nude mice. Meanwhile?we conducted the luciferase reporter assay to verify the biological relationship between miR-20a-5p and CCNG2. The expression of miR-20a-5p was significantly upregulated in human SCLC compared to that in normal tissues. Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated that patients with high expression of miR-20a-5p are closely related with the shorter survival of SCLC. Further, multivariate analysis showed that miR-20a-5p was an independent prognostic factor. Increasing miR-20a-5p expression promotes the proliferation, migration and invasion of the NCI-H446 cells in vitro and in vivo. Dual-luciferase reporter gene assay demonstrated that miR-20a-5p directly targets CCNG2. These findings suggest that miR-20a-5p levels might be a novel diagnostic and prognostic marker of SCLC. Inhibiting miR-20a-5p could be a promising therapeutic strategy for SCLC.
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@#Abstract: Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics (season, age, gender, mixed infection and clinical manifestations, etc.) of Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) infection in children in Hainan Province, so as to provide epidemiological evidence-based medical basis for the prevention and control of MP infection in children in Hainan Province. Methods The serum IgM antibodies of MP, Legionella pneumophila, Chlamydia pneumoniae, adenovirus, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), Q fever Rickettsia, parainfluenza virus, influenza A virus and influenza B virus in children with respiratory tract infections (RTIs) who were hospitalized in pediatrics of many hospitals in Hainan Province from March 2012 to February 2020 were detected by indirect immunofluorescence method. The positive serum MP-IgM antibody was defined as MP infection. The epidemiological and clinical data of MP infected cases were analyzed retrospectively. Results From March, 2012 to February, 2020, a total of 35 731 qualified pediatric inpatients with RTIs in many hospitals in Hainan Province were tested for serum MP-IgM with the total positive rate of 39.12% (13 978/35 731). The yearly positive rates of MP-IgM from 2012 to 2020 were 48.39%, 56.23%, 56.62%, 47.04%, 29.71%, 24.14%, 47.55%, 36.84% and 24.46% respectively. The positive rates of MP-IgM in 2013 and 2014 were significantly higher than those in other years (P<0.05). The positive rate of MP-IgM in summer in Hainan Province was the highest (41.34%) and the lowest in winter (35.77%) (P<0.05). MP infection occurred in all age groups, the positive rate of MP-IgM in children of preschool (51.80%) was significantly higher than that in other age groups (P<0.01), and the positive rate of MP IgM in children of infancy (15.36%) was lower than that in other age groups (P<0.01). The positive rate of MP-IgM in female was 44.77%, which was significantly higher than that in male (35.83%) (P<0.05). MP infection combined with positive IgM of another pathogen accounted for 32.63% (4 561 cases), positive IgM of another two pathogens accounted for 1.26% (176 cases). MP infection was mostly found in pneumonia (68.73%), and the main clinical symptoms were cough (84.72%), fever (51.01%) and wheezing (3.16%). Conclusions MP is an important pathogen of respiratory tract infection in children in Hainan Province, and infection is more common in children in early school age and early childhood. Mp-specific tests should be performed to identify the pathogen in children suspected of MP infection. In the high incidence season, health education should be strengthened in kindergartens, schools and other places to prevent respiratory tract infection.
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Objective To study the effects of different pressure boundary conditions and breathing patterns on the airflow of upper airway and related physiological status of the obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) patient at sleep stage with eupnea and apnea, respectively. Methods The CT scan data of an OSAHS patient during natural sleep in supine position were acquired and used to reconstruct a three-dimensional finite element model of upper airway. Meanwhile the pressure changes in laryngeal cavity of the OSAHS patient were clinically measured and then used as the boundary conditions, and four typical breathing patterns (nasal inhaling and nasal exhaling, nasal inhaling and oral exhaling, oral inhaling and nasal exhaling, oral inhaling and oral exhaling) were considered for computational fluid simulation. Results The airflow of the OSAHS patient during sleep was an unstable, whorled and bidirectional flow, which was significantly affected by pressure boundary conditions and breathing patterns. Compared with nasal breathing, the maximum velocity of airflow by mouth breathing was increased, resulting in an increase of pressure drop in oral cavity, with was about 30% in inspiration and 100% in expiration. Conclusions It is significant to use CT data of an OSAHS patient during natural sleep for model reconstruction and the clinically measured pressure in laryngeal cavity as boundary conditions for finite element simulations, and the results will contribute to understand the characteristics of flow field in upper airway of the OSAHS patient during real natural sleep.
ABSTRACT
Obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) is a kind of disease characterized by repetitive pharyngeal collapse during sleep, and its pathogenesis involves multiple aspects. In this paper, from the aspect of biomechanics, various factors that might induce sleep apnea were studied based on anatomic and physiological characteristics of human upper respiratory system, and biomechanical models of OSAHS reported in recent years as well as potential mechanical pathogenesis of OSAHS were then analyzed. Finally, the prospects of future researches on OSAHS biomechanics were discussed. Establishing the biomechanical model of upper airways is an effective method not only important for studying pathogenesis of OSAHS, but also helpful for preoperative assessment and postoperative predictions for OSAHS treatment in clinic.
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Aims: To objectively evaluate the level of scientific research of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDCs) of the provincial capital cities in China. Design：To compare each capital city’s scientific research output in China, the authors used authoritative Chinese databases to retrieve scientific research literature published by the 31 Chinese provincial capital cities CDCs nationwide published between January 2007 and December 2011. Data were stored and analysed using NoteExpress2.0 software. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Medicineand the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, between May 2012 and July 2012. Methodology: All the articles published by the CDCs of provincial capital cities between 2007 and 2011 were retrieved from scientific literature databases. Data were stored and analysed in NoteExpress2.0 reference management analysis software. Bibliometric methods were used to statistically analyze the data. We developed an Overall influence index (ΣIFN) which combined the number of published papers and the impact factor for each one (IF) to derive an overall and objective index. Results: Overall 9,445 Chinese language and 202 English language papers fulfilled our inclusion criteria. A gradual upward trend in published literature of provincial capital cities CDC was observed between 2007 and 2011. The co-author rate was relatively high and the content of the journals was extensive. The Overall influence index of Beijing CDC is the highest (626.682),and Lasa CDC gets the lowest(1.354). Conclusion: The development of the level of scientific research is uneven in different areas. The ΣIFN index of the developed regions is higher, and that of western under developed region is lower.