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1.
Salud bienestar colect ; 4(3): 3-21, sept.-dic. 2020.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1281948

ABSTRACT

El propósito: develar los escenarios ocultos de la muerte materna ocurrida en los micromundos poco abordados en el estado Aragua durante el quinquenio 2011 ­2015.La muerte materna constituye un complejo problema de salud pública, un importante indicador de desarrollo humano, que muestra las más grandes inequidades entre países de diferentes niveles de desarrollo. El enfoque integrador transcomplejo, constituye un camino epistemológico para develar lo que poco se dice y se evidencia, partiendo de referentes multidimensionales que se explican en una dialógica de saberes que no se aplanan unos a los otros sino que se interceptan para hacer tangible las determinaciones socioculturales poco abordadas en las explicaciones de la muerte materna. Desde esta perspectiva epistemológica se hace posible evidenciar las tramas ocultas del discurso de la vida de las mujeres sobrevivientes a la muerte materna, debido a la posibilidad que esta visión de pensamiento brinda para identificar distintos tipos de discurso y las hipertrofias de los mismos, develadas desde interpretaciones que no solo son parte de los micromundos estudiados de las mujeres sino desde la maya de saberes que se imbrican para la comprensión de los testimonios de las informantes. Mediante la hermenéutica como metódica y la historia de vida, se desarrolló un proceso de interpretación y comprensión de los significados de la muerte materna, fundamentadas en sus puntos de encuentro, permitiendo visibilizar lo invisible, desde una postura intersubjetiva. Con técnica de observación, entrevistas enfocadas a: dos mujeres que sobrevivieron a la muerte materna, se obtuvieron las vivencias, lo percibido y recordado, logrando la retención de esa experiencia vivida, que fueron procesadas, encontrando algunos hallazgos como: inadecuada praxis en salud; violencia obstétrica, violencia de género, violencia institucional; creencias socioculturales y representaciones sociales en relación con el embarazo; cargas sociales, emocionales y de trabajo durante el embarazo.


The purpose: to reveal the hidden scenarios of maternal death that occurred in the little-addressed micro-worlds in the state of Aragua during the five-years period 2011 -2015. Maternal death constitutes a complex public health problem, an important indicator of human development, which shows the most great inequities between countries of different levels of development. The integrative cross-complex approach constitutes an epistemological path to reveal what little is said and evidenced, starting from multidimensional references that are explained in a dialogic of knowledge that do not flatten each other but are intercepted to make sociocultural determinations tangible. little addressed in the explanations of maternal death. From this epistemological perspective, it is possible to reveal the hidden plots of the discourse of the lives of women survivors of maternal death, due to the possibility that this vision of thought offers to identify different types of discourse and their hypertrophy, revealed from interpretations that are not only part of the studied microworlds of the women but also from the Mayan knowledge that overlap for the understanding of the informants' testimonies. Through hermeneutics as a method and life history, a process of interpretation and understanding of the meanings of maternal death was developed, based on their meeting points, allowing the invisible to be made visible, from an intersubjective position. With observation technique, interviews focused on: two women who survived maternal death, the experiences were obtained, what was perceived and remembered, achieving the retention of that lived experience, which were processed, finding some findings such as: inadequate health praxis; obstetric violence, gender violence, institutional violence; sociocultural beliefs and social representations in relation to pregnancy; social, emotional and work burdens during pregnancy.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Complications/mortality , Quality of Health Care , Maternal Death/ethnology , Maternal Death/statistics & numerical data , Social Conditions , Venezuela , Maternal Mortality , Family Relations
2.
Article | IMSEAR | ID: sea-196362

ABSTRACT

Background: As an immune checkpoint, upregulation of B and T lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA) contributes to T-cell exhaustion in chronic infection. However, the characteristics of BTLA on T cells of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) are still uncovered. Aims: The aim of the study was to elucidate the dynamics and clinical significance of BTLA expression on circulating CD4+ and CD8+ T cells of PTB patients. Materials and Methods: BTLA expression on T cells from PTB patients with smear positivity (n = 86) and healthy controls (HCs) (n = 40) were determined using flow cytometry. Results: The levels of BTLA expression on circulating CD4+ and CD8+ T cells of PTB patients with smear positivity were both upregulated, compared with HC. At the same time, the levels of BTLA expression on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells of patients with retreatment were both higher than that of those with initial treatment and gradually upregulated along with the increase of the bacillary load in sputum. In addition, the patients with lung cavity were discovered to present higher levels of BTLA expression on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells than those without lung cavity. Whereas we noted that there was no correlation between the levels of BTLA expression and the positivity or negativity of anti-Mycobacterium tuberculosis antibody. Conclusions: The levels of BTLA expression were upregulated on CD4+ and CD8+ T cells of PTB patients and associated with disease progression. Thereby, BTLA expression on T cells may be considered as a potential clinical indicator and utilized as a therapeutic target for PTB.

3.
Comunidad salud ; 15(1): 63-72, jun. 2017. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-890948

ABSTRACT

Los problemas fundamentales de la Salud Pública, han querido atribuírseles al proceso historiográfico de la modernidad y se han extrapolado a las prácticas universitarias, como si se tratara de situaciones de orden academicista, cuando sus explicaciones están dadas en un largo devenir diacrónico-histórico que ha arrastrado consigo la lógica heredada de la visión androeurocéntrica que se instaló en América Latina y Venezuela en todos los ámbitos del conocimiento de los cuales la Salud Pública forma parte importante. Por ello, urge plantear, lo oculto en el discurso de los distintos problemas de la Salud Pública, en los saberes colaborativos y emergentes como el histórico, epistemológico, la salud ocupacional, el saber médico, epidemiológico, bioanalítico y la violencia delincuencial juvenil. Develaremos lo que se ha ocultado en la matriz epistemológica de la modernidad por cada saber de lo humano, invisibilizando los derechos sociales de las mujeres y hombres poco abordados, lo relacionado a la participación social de las mujeres en sus derechos a la salud, lo oculto de la mortalidad materna, de la salud y medio ambiente laboral de los trabajadores y trabajadoras y de los procesos de violencia juvenil delincuencial. Mencionaremos, el origen sociohistórico que reivindica la epistemosemiología de la diversidad en la Salud Pública a partir de una ética de las diferencias y el avance para vencer la parálisis paradigmática, se disertará acerca de la militancia desde la perspectiva epistemológica del enfoque integrador transcomplejo como opción para resignificar la Salud Pública y develar la epistemología y la ética de lo oculto.


Fundamental public health problems, have wanted to attribute them to the historiography of the modernity process and have extrapolated the University practices and out of them, as if they were situations academicism, when in essence, their explanations are given in a long diachronic history-evolution that has been dragging with it the logic inherited vision androeurocentrism who settled in Latin America and Venezuela in all areas of the knowledge of which health Public an important part. Therefore, it urges us today consider in this article, what is hidden in the speech of the various problems of public health, in the collaborative and emerging knowledge as the historical, epistemological, occupational health, medical, epidemiological knowledge, bioanalytical and knowledge of youth criminal violence. We will discover all what has been hidden in the matrix of epistemological modern for each knowing human, be osbcuring rights social voices of women and men little discussed, related to the social participation of women in their rights to health, what is hidden from the maternal mortality related to the health and environment of workers and concerning the processes of delinquent youth violence. It will mention, origin socio-historical claimed the epistemosemiology of diversity in public health from an ethic of the differences and advance to beat the paradigmatic paralysis and shall be some lectures about militancy from the epistemological perspective of approach transcomplex integrator as an option to give a new meaning to public health and reveal the epistemology and ethics of the unseen.

5.
Comunidad salud ; 13(1): 38-45, jun. 2015. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-783067

ABSTRACT

El propósito de esta investigación fue analizar algunos factores de riesgo asociados a la mortalidad neonatal ocurrida en el Hospital Central de Maracay estado Aragua - Venezuela, durante el año 2012. Para lograr este propósito se realizó un estudio epidemiológico de casos y controles (no pareados), incluyó 70 historias clínicas de recién nacidos fallecidos (casos) y 140 de recién nacidos vivos que no fallecieron durante el lapso de estudio (controles) de Enero a Diciembre del 2012. Para el análisis estadístico se utilizó la prueba de X² o prueba exacta de Fisher, la razón de productos cruzados y límites de confianza al 95%. Resultados: los factores de riesgo estadísticamente significativos fueron: edad materna de 31 - 36 años, educación primaria completa, estado civil casada y unión estable, ocupación del hogar; mal control prenatal, peso del recién nacido menor de 2499 g., edad gestacional pretérmino, APGAR (depresión moderada y severa), relación peso/edad gestacional pequeño para edad gestacional, presentación podálica, patologías del recién nacido, condiciones al nacer (malas) y presencia de complicaciones. Conclusión: Se debe dar a conocer la información de los factores asociados a muertes neonatales que ocurran en el país por territorio social a los actores sociales y políticos para la toma de decisiones eficaces, eficientes y oportunas para disminuir las muertes neonatales.


The objective of this research was to analyze risk factors associated with neonatal mortality occurred in the Central Hospital of Maracay Aragua - Venezuela, during the year 2012. In order to achieve this aim a epidemiological study case was conducted and controls (unpaired), included 70 case histories of newborn deaths (cases) and 140 live births that did not die during the study period (controls) from January to December 2012. the statistical analysis test was used X² or Fisher exact test, the reason of sired products and range of confidence at 95%. Results: Statistically significant risk factors were: maternal age of 31-36 years complete primary education, married and stable union, home occupation; poor prenatal care, birth weight less than 2499 g., preterm gestational age, APGAR (moderate and severe depression), weight / small for gestational age gestational age, breech presentation, newborn diseases, conditions at birth (bad) and the presence of complications. Conclusion: Whereby information should still be disclosed about factors associated with neonatal deaths occur at home by social territory to the social and political actors forma king effective, efficient and timely decisions to reduce neonatal deaths.

6.
Comunidad salud ; 12(1): 56-63, jun. 2014. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-740299

ABSTRACT

La enfermedad arterial coronaria es una de las primeras causas de morbi-mortalidad a nivel mundial por lo que se convierte en un problema de salud pública. Esta es producida por diferentes factores de riesgos modificables y no modificables los cuales desencadenan en el individuo la aparición de la enfermedad, siendo el trabajador de la salud un individuo cuya actividad laboral, exposición laboral y estrés laboral es especial y que determinan su estado de salud, pudiendo desencadenar condiciones para afectar su área cardiovascular, se decide evaluar el riesgo de enfermedad arterial coronaria a corto plazo en una muestra de 99 profesionales que laboraban en la dirección municipal de salud del Municipio Bolívar estado Aragua - Venezuela, a los cuales se les realizó perfil lipídico (colesterol total, HDL colesterol, LDL colesterol, VLDL colesterol y triglicéridos, colesterol no HDL), glicemia y proteína C reactiva ultrasensible. La prevalencia de los factores de riesgo cardiovascular encontrados en estos individuos se categorizó según la escala de Framingham en: bajo riesgo (< 1 -9%) resultó el 98,55% de las mujeres y 96,67% de los hombres, el riesgo moderado (10-19%) estuvo representado por 1,45% en mujeres y 3,33% en hombres de los trabajadores. Así mismo, el perfil lipídico, el IMC, los hábitos tabáquicos y alcohólicos fueron las variables más resaltantes de este estudio, siendo todos modificables con cambios de estilo de vida en estos trabajadores.


Coronary artery disease is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide so it becomes a public health issue. This is caused by different factors modifiable risk and nonmodifiable which trigger the individual´s disease occurrence, being the health worker an individual whose employment, occupational exposure and occupational stress is special and that determine their health and can trigger cardiovascular conditions affect his area, we decided to assess the short-term risk of coronary artery disease in a sample of 99 professionals who worked in the municipal health directorate of the Bolívar Municipality , Aragua -Venezuela, to which underwent lipid profile ( total cholesterol, HDL-c, LDL-c, VLDL-c and triglyceride, non HDL-c), glucose and ultrasensitive reactive c-protein. The prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors found in these individuals was categorized according to the Framingham scale: low risk (<1-9%) represented by 98.55% women and 96.67% in men, the risk moderate (10-19%) was represented by 1.45% in women and 3.33% in men workers. Likewise, lipid profile, BMI, smoking habits and alcoholics were more salient variables of this study, all of modifiable lifestyles changes in these workers.

8.
Comunidad salud ; 8(1): 7-15, jun. 2010. ilus, graf, mapas, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-690904

ABSTRACT

El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar factores asociados a la mortalidad neonatal en el Hospital Benítez - La Victoria, durante el período enero - diciembre de 2004. Con tal propósito se elaboró un estudio analítico de 89 casos y 267 controles retrospectivos no pareados. Se aplicó encuesta adaptada al estudio. Se utilizó pruebas de X2 o prueba exacta de Fisher, la razón de productos cruzados y límites de confianza al 95%, la proporción de riesgo atribuible o fracción etiológica y la proporción de riesgo atribuible en la población. Los resultados sugieren que los factores de riesgo con asociación positiva y con significancia estadística son: edad materna, control prenatal, situación conyugal, instrucción de la madre, presentación, tipo de parto, Apgar, edad gestacional, peso/ edad gestacional, talla y patologías del recién nacido.


The aim of this study was to analyze factors associated with neonatal mortality in the Hospital José María Benitez in La Victoria, Aragua State from January to December 2004. It was developed an analytical study of 89 cases and 267 matched controls non retrospective. An adapted survey was applied to the study. It was used X2 test or Fisher exact test, the ratio of crossed products and confidence limits at 95 %, the proportion of attributable risk or etiologic fraction and the proportion of the population attributable risk. The results suggest that risk factors with a positive and statically significance are: maternal age, prenatal care, marital status, mother's education, presentation, type of delivery, Apgar, gestational age, weight, size and pathologies of the newborn.

9.
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health ; 1987 Mar; 18(1): 44-51
Article in English | IMSEAR | ID: sea-32241

ABSTRACT

Culex quinquefasciatus mosquitoes were fed on or inoculated with blood or serum positive for hepatitis B viral antigens and pools of mosquitoes were tested by radioimmunoassay daily for 3 weeks after exposure to detect the viral antigens. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was detectable up to 3 weeks, while hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) persisted only for 3 days in mosquitoes after feeding on hepatitis B viral antigens-positive blood. Mosquitoes inoculated with serum were HBsAg-positive for 3 weeks and HBeAg positive for 4 days after inoculation. These results suggest that biological multiplication of hepatitis B virus did not occur in these mosquitoes. The possibility of mechanical transmission of hepatitis B antigens by mosquitoes is discussed.


Subject(s)
Animals , Culex/immunology , Hepatitis B/transmission , Hepatitis B Surface Antigens/analysis , Hepatitis B e Antigens/analysis , Insect Vectors/microbiology , Time Factors
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