ABSTRACT
SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to explore the relationship between serum soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 and the severity of acute pancreatitis and its diagnostic utility. METHODS: This study was carried out by searching Chinese and English literature from the establishment of the database to July 9, 2023, systematically, and assessing the quality and heterogeneity of the articles included. RESULTS: Thirteen studies with a total of 986 patients were included. Patients with severe acute pancreatitis showed higher levels of soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 compared with mild acute pancreatitis [weighted mean difference=76.64 pg/mL, 95% confidence interval (95%CI 50.39-102.89, p<0.001)]. Soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 predicted pooled sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve were 79%, 74%, and 0.85 for severe acute pancreatitis, with some heterogeneity (I2>50% or p<0.05). In the subgroup analysis, cutoff >150 pg/mL was found to be a heterogeneous factor. CONCLUSION: Soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 is a reliable tool for identifying acute pancreatitis severity, but only as a screening tool.
ABSTRACT
Aims: The objective of this research is to understand and analyze the trend of water resources and its effects on land subsidence, vegetation cover change, and water supply reservoir drawdown in Beijing, China. Study Design: This research combined both field monitoring data and remote sensing data to study the water resource change and its impacts in the City of Beijing, China. Place and Duration of Study: This study water resource record data during 1999-2012 and the Landsat TM or ETM+ data in the same period to analyze the changes of water resources in the City of Beijing. The water level and water surface change of the Guanting Reservoir as a major urban water supply was analyzed since 1979 in confirmation of the trend of water resource change. Methodology: This research applied remote sensing data analysis, GIS spatial and spatial statistical analysis, and the conventional field monitoring data of water resources to understand and visualize the trend of water resource change and its environmental impacts in Beijing, China. Results: This research shows that both surface water and ground water resources are declining owing to the decrease of precipitation in Beijing. In the meantime, the proportion of agricultural and industrial water consumptions was gradually reduced and that of urban and domestic water consumptions continuously increased. Land subsidence spatially coincides with groundwater level decrease, and the maximum quantity could reach five meters. Vegetation cover and NDVI index showed high correlation with precipitation in mountainous region, but does not reflect the natural water supply in plain regions in Beijing. The surface water area in the Guanting Reservoir drastically reduced since 1979. Conclusion: The trend of water resource changes indicate that the water supply shortage in Beijing area was intensified. The more effective planning of economic development and urban growth in Beijing according its water resources is needed.