Oral manifestations associated with neutrophil deficiencyand neutrophil disorders: A review

The immune system evolved to protect multicellular organisms from pathogens. It defends the body against invaders, and generates an enormous variety of cells and molecules capable of specifically recognizing and eliminating foreign invaders, all of which act together in a dynamic network. Neutrophils have been referred to as a first line of defense, meaning that they are first defensive cells to be recruited to a site of inflammation; however the resident leukocytes are cells which normally exist at the sites of inflammation. Neutrophils exhibit their antibacterial action with the help of granules or by virtue of its ability to reduce dioxygen to hydrogen peroxide. The primary mission of neutrophils is to find bacteria and neutralize them by phagocytosis.

Gingival Overgrowth During Orthodontic Therapy And Its Management : A Case Report.

There are many reasons for gingival overgrowth. Mostly, proper oral hygiene is sufficient to achieve normal healthy gingiva. In some situations, however, gingival overgrowth is drug-induced or can be a manifestation of orthodontic mechanical stress. Overgrowth impairs oral hygiene maintenance and results in further exacerbation. During orthodontic treatment gingival overgrowth is common scenario due to hindered oral hygiene in this prospective both periodontal and orthodontic aspects need to be considered. In the article a case report with extreme gingival overgrowth was periodontally treated, by removal of all gingival excess using gingivectomy and gingivoplasty. After a 3 month follow-up period, the fixed orthodontic treatment is continued with monthly periodontal check-ups were scheduled to control the gingival inflammation. The collaboration between the periodontist and orthodontist is most important key to successful treatment of hyperplasia in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment.