Management of hepatocellular carcinoma during the COVID-19 pandemic - São Paulo Clínicas liver cancer group multidisciplinary consensus statement

More than 18 million people in 188 countries have been diagnosed as having coronavirus disease (COVID-19), and COVID-19 has been responsible for more than 600,000 deaths worldwide. Brazil is now the second most affected country globally. Faced with this scenario, various public health measures and changes in the daily routines of hospitals were implemented to stop the pandemic. Patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are at an increased risk for severe COVID-19 as they present with two major diseases: cancer and concomitant chronic liver disease. The COVID-19 pandemic can significantly impact the management of HCC patients from diagnosis to treatment strategies. These patients need special attention and assistance at this time, especially since treatment for tumors cannot be delayed in most cases. The aim of this guideline was to standardize the management of HCC patients during the COVID-19 pandemic. This document was developed, on the basis of the best evidence available, by a multidisciplinary team from Instituto do Câncer do Estado de São Paulo (ICESP), and Instituto Central of the Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade de São Paulo (HC-FMUSP), which are members of the São Paulo Clínicas Liver Cancer Group.

Perfil do HLA de classe II de pacientes com hepatite C e características de hepatite auto-imune / Class II HLA profile oh hepatitis C patients with autoimmune hepatitis features

Introdução: A infecção crônica pelo vírus da hepatite C (VHC) é uma epidemia que atinge mais de 170 milhões de pessoas em todo o mundo e frequentemente associa-se a fenômenos de auto-imunidade. O papel dos alelos de HLA de classe II vem sendo estudado em diversas condições autoimunes. Objetivos: investigar a presença de auto-imunidade em portadores de VHC; realizar análise de HLA de classe II em portadores de VHC com e sem marcadores de auto-imunidade. Casuística e Métodos: obtiveram-se retrospectivamente os dados clínicos, laboratoriais, histológicos hepáticos de 1312 indivíduos com VHC, e definiu-se a presença de HAI associada segundo critérios adotados pelo Grupo Internacional de Estudos da HAI (escore >= 10). Constituíram-se os subgrupos: VHC + HAI (n = 44); VHC + anticorpo antimicrossoma de fígado e rim tipo 1 (AAMFR-1) (n = 7); VHC+ anticorpo antimúsculo liso padrão tubular/antiactina (AAML-T/AAA) (n = 5) e controle de pacientes com VHC sem características de auto-imunidade (n = 29). A tipagem do HLA foi realizada em DNA leucócitário de sangue periférico, extraído pela técnica de DTAB/CTAB, seguido de SSCP com o kit Micro SSPTM HLA DNA Typing (One Lambda Inc., CA, USA). A análise estatística foi realizada com o teste de X2 de Pearson com correção de Yates ou teste exato de Fisher quando apropriado e nos casos de existência de associação foi calculado o coeficiente de Yule para quantificá-la. Resultados: observou-se no grupo VHC + HAI, em comparação com a casuística geral predominância de idade > 40 anos e níveis de ALT acima de três vezes o limite superior da normalidade, associação positiva com o HLADR4 (45,1% vs 3,4%, p = 0,0006, coeficiente de Yule = 0,92) e DQ3 (67,7% vs 37,9%, p = 0,04, coeficiente de Yule = 0,54) e associação negativa com o HLADR51 (9,6% vs 34,4%, p = 0,04, coeficiente de Yule = -0,66) e DR2 (9,6% vs 34,4%, p = 0,04, coeficiente de Yule = -0,66). Pacientes do grupo VHC + AAMFR-1...

Introduction: HCV chronic infection is an epidemic condition that affects more than 170 million of people around the world, and often is associated with autoimmunity phenomena. The role of HLA class II alleles has been studied in many autoimmune diseases. Aim: To investigate the presence of laboratory markers of autoimmunity and compatible anatomo pathologic histology for autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) in HCV patients; to perform HLA class II typing in HCV patients with and without autoimmunity markers. Material and Methods: Clinical, laboratory and liver histology data from 1312 HCV patients were obtained retrospectively. AIH was considered in association based on the International Group for the Study of AIH criteria score system (>= 10). The following groups were constituted: HCV + AIH (n = 44); HCV + anti-liver-kidney-microsome type 1 (LKM-1) (n = 7); HCV + antismooth muscle/anti-actin antibodies (SMA/AAA) (n = 5); control (HCV without autoimmunity) (n = 29). HLA typing was performed DNA extracted from leucocyte from periferic blood by DTAB/CTAB techniques, followed by SSCP with Micro SSPTM HLA DNA Typing kit (One Lambda Inc., CA, USA). Statistical analysis was performed with Pearson's X2 test, with Yates correction or Fisher exact test, when appropriated; when significant association was detected, Yule coefficient was calculated. Results: Age > 40 years old and ALT three times above upper normal limit predominated in the HCV + AIH group, when compared with the whole cohort (n = 1312). HLA typing in VHC+HAI group (n = 31) revealed positive association with HLA-DR4 (45.1% vs 3.4%, p = 0.0006, Yule = 0.92) and DQ3 (67.7% vs 37.9%, p = 0.04, Yule = 0.54) and negative association with HLA-DR51 (9.6% vs 34.4%, p = 0.04, Yule = -0.66) and DR2 (9.6% vs 34.4%, p = 0.04, Yule = -0.66), when compared with VHC control (n = 29). HCV + LKM-1 patients were younger than 40 years old at the time of initial disease manifestations (p = 0,001)...