Analysis of the Expression of Macrophage among Periodontitis Rat Model after Treatment with Graptophyllum Pictum (L.) Griff. Leaves Extract Gel

@#Introduction: Aggressive periodontitis has the characteristics of rapid loss of periodontal tissue and bone destruction resulting in tooth loss. Graptophyllum pictum (L.) Griff. is widely used as herbal medicine in Indonesia. The flavonoid content in Graptophyllum pictum (L.) Griff. is known to have a role as an anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant. This research aimed to analyze the role of Graptophyllum Pictum (L.) Griff. extract gel on the amount of macrophages as an inflammatory indicator on periodontal tissue of Wistar rats with periodontitis. Methods: Periodontitis was produced in Wistar rats by induced of 2 ml 109 CFU A. actinomycetemcomitans at gingival sulcus of the upper right second molar, afterward were treated with 7.5%, 15%, and 30% Graptophyllum Pictum (L.) Griff. extract gel for 3 days. Gingival tissues were removed for Hematoxylin Eosin staining for histopathological analysis and measurement of the number of macrophages. Results: Graptophyllum Pictum (L.) Griff. extract gel at concentrations of 7.5%, 15%, and 30% could significantly decrease the number of macrophages, but only group with a concentration of 15 and 30% can reduce the number of macrophages to reach an amount equivalent to the level in the negative control group. A concentration of 30% extract gel could reduce the number of macrophage cells more than the other two treatment groups. Conclusion: The concentration of 30% Graptophyllum Pictum (L.) Griff. extract gel was the most effective concentration in decreasing the amount of macrophages.

Detection of Biofilm Proteins from Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans Induced by Glucose, Lactose, Soy Protein, and Iron Along with Protein Density Analysis

@#Introduction: Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (A.a) is the main bacterium that causes aggressive periodontitis which is capable of forming biofilms on the surface of periodontal tissues. The objective of the study of the bacterial biofilm proteins is to provide an alternative to early prevention of oral infection of Periodontitis caused by A.a. Biofilms formed characterized by its molecular weight will then be used for the purpose of making Periodontal Disease Detection Kits. This project is aimed to select the molecular weight of biofilm protein of A.a exposed to 5% glucose, lactose, soy protein, and iron. Methods: Exposure to 5% glucose, lactose, soy protein, and iron is nenecessary to form biofilm of A.a. Then, the biofilm is characterized by SDS-PAGE electrophoresis to measure the molecular weight. Results: From this study A.a biofilm bands were formed with the number of protein bands that varied depending on the induction used. A.a induced by 5% glucose had one protein band (37.5 kDa), A.a induced by 5% lactose had five protein bands (77.9 kDa, 52.6 kDa, 46.8 kDa, 36.6 kDa, and 28.5 kDa), A.a induced by Soy Protein had seven protein bands (77.9 kDa, 71.3 kDa, 47.4 kDa, 40.4 kDa, 37.2 kDa, 28.8 kDa and 11.8 kDa) and A.a induced by 5% iron did not form protein band. Conclusion: Exposure to 5% glucose, lactose, soy protein, and iron to A.a resulted in band of biofilm protein. However, A.a biofilm induced by 5% iron has no protein bands.