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Agriculture and society are intertwined. Agriculture is necessary for human survival and social sustainability in India. Eco-friendly agriculture practices nurture ecosystems to solve current societal issues. Indian ecosystems are marred by pollution, imbalance, climate changes, food crisis, various diseases, and mal-nourishment continue as a major concern. The traditional environmental remedial strategies appear relatively ineffective in the ever expanding use of pollutants that pervade the water, air and soil environment. Nanotechnology provides an efficient, environmentally friendly and cost-effective solutions to the global sustainability challenges that society is facing. Nanotechnology utilizes nanomaterials that have remarkable physical and chemical features to make smart functional materials for developing sustainable technologies. Nanotechnology seems to be very promising in sustainable environment development, sustainable agriculture, renewable and economically energy alternative through use of nanomaterials for detection, prevention, and removing pollutants. The development of nanotechnology in India has huge potential to address the challenges like providing drinking water, healthcare, nano-based industry and sustainable agriculture. This review highlights the recent nanotechnology applications to meet the global challenges in providing clean energy technology, water purification, and greenhouse gases management. In addition, effort has been made to analyse the opportunities and limitations in engineered nanomaterials safety, solid waste management, reducing pollution of air water and soil.
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Objective: To analyze the phytochemical compounds and to investigate the bio-toxic efficacy of various solvent extracts of Plectranthus amboinicus against mosquito larvae activity and lethality on non-targeting organisms. Methods: The methanol, ethyl acetate, hexane, and aqueous extracts of Plectranthus amboinicus were subjected to analyze the mosquitocidal activity against the dengue vector, Aedes aegypti and toxicity assays on zebra fish and brine shrimp. Three replications were performed, and negative control was also maintained. Amongst, ethyl acetate extract of Plectranthus amboinicus was chosen for the determination of bio-active compounds. Results: The mosquitocidal assays of methanol and ethyl acetate extracts of Plectranthus amboinicus showed the maximal activity with minimal concentration against the 4th instar mosquito-larvae of Aedes aegypti through the following lethal concentration (LC50 and LC90) values: 53.36 & 92.51 μg/mL and 13.64 & 86.09 μg/mL, respectively. In addition, the plant extracts showed no toxicity on zebra fish embryo and brine shrimp assays. The gas-chromatography analysis of the ethyl acetate extract of Plectranthus amboinicus revealed the presence of seven different compounds. Among them, PAEA-fraction 60 contained a major active bioactive compound, hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester (270.0). Conclusions: Plectranthus amboinicus possesses mosquitocidal properties and could be used as a potential alternative source for preparing the mosquitocidal agents.
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Introduction: Escherichia coli (E.coli) is the major pathogencausing urinary tract infections (UTIs), and carbapenems areprescribed frequently to treat UTIs at tertiary care settings. Itis, therefore, of clinical importance to determine the changein carbapenem susceptibility of E.coli isolated from urinarysamples after adopting a new cleaning policy. Study aimed todetermine the change in antimicrobial susceptibility of E.colistrains isolated from urinary samples towards carbapenems.Material and methods: A retrospective comparison ofcarbapenems susceptibility profile of E.coli isolated fromurine cultures at a tertiary care centre was carried out for twoyears between 2017 and 2018. E.coli isolates were identifiedfrom positive cultures as per the conventional microbiologicalmethods. Carbapenem susceptibility was exhibited usingMeropenem (10 µg) disk on Mueller-Hinton Agar (MHA)using Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method.Results: In a total of 1219 urinary E.coli isolates, sensitivitytowards carbapenems has increased from 81.3% to 84.2%(overall 83.2%). The value of chi-square for the differencein the distribution of Meropenem susceptibility for 2017 and2018 was found to be <0.001, which is highly significant.Hence, the susceptibility profile of Meropenem changedsignificantly in two consecutive years in this tertiary carehospital after adopting a new cleaning policy.Conclusion: E.coli is the leading pathogen causing UTIs,and carbapenems are prescribed frequently, so regularmonitoring of antimicrobial susceptibility is recommended.Better cleaning policies can improve the sensitivity patternsof isolates towards antimicrobials.
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Background: Shoulder pain is a mutual and A debilitatingdiagnosis that people present with in health care that has a 1-year prevalence of up to 47% amongst the adult population.Strong evidence is found that high intensity pain and MiddleAges are related with poor outcomes. The present study aimedto evaluate the best predictors of patient outcome withshoulder pain.Materials and Methods: The present retrospective study wasconducted in the Department of orthopedics for a period of 2years. Presence of anterior or posterior drawer tests wereregarded as indicative of shoulder instability. Severe motionloss was considered if the patient had greater than 50% lack ofthe normal physiological range of motion. Patient’s werescreened on the basis of treatment received, treatmentfrequency, history, physical examination, presence ofcomorbidities and quickdash score. All the data was arrangedin a excel spreadsheet and analyzed using SPSS software.Probability value of less than 0.05 was regarded as significant.Results: There were a total of 130 subjects in the study. Therewere 55 females and 75 males in the study. The mean heightof the subjects was 171.65+/-9.22cm and the mean weight of84.32+/-19.82 Kgs. There was a significant change in thequickdash score amongst the subjects. The number of visits tothe doctor also showed significant effect.Conclusion: The quickdash score and the frequency of visitsto the health care center were important predictors of thepatient outcome in our study.
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Chryseobacterium indologenes organism is mostly confined to water and soil and has been isolated from patients in hospitals with severe underlying disease with indwelling devices and implants. Despite its low virulence, it has been found to be inherently resistant to many antibiotics. A rare case of meningitis was reported by C. indologenes in an 18-year-old patient treated for hydrocephalous with meningitis with an indwelling ventriculoperitoneal shunt, who was successfully managed with levofloxacin and gentamicin and discharged. This case report describes identification and isolation of C. indologenes on the basis of biochemical and microbiological analysis along with clinical signs and symptoms of meningitis with an indwelling ventriculoperitoneal shunt.
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Actinomycetes are one of the most attractive sources of antibiotics. In the present studies, total of 15 strains were isolated from Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia Hospital and RML Park in Lucknow, U.P India. Isolated strains were identified for their antibacterial activity but only six isolate showed good result, they were evaluated for their inhibitory activity on 3 strains of microorganism (E. coli, P. aeruginosa and S. aureus). Isolation of Actinomycetes strain was obtained by serial dilution method and grown on actinomycetes isolation agar. Antibacterial compounds were produced by submerged fermentation and activity of compounds were checked against bacterial culture by antibiogram analysis where intracellular and extracellular compounds showed positive result, compare to intracellular compounds, extracellular compounds was showing best result which was 30 mm zone of inhibition against S. aureus and MIC was found to be 0.0009 mg/ml.