ABSTRACT
Background: Gunshot injuries [GSI] is a public health problem in developing countries, our studies attempted to define the circumstances, risk factors, extent and severity of firearm related injuries
Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the epidemiology of gunshot injuries, related to its circumstances, risk group, extent of injury and its severity in Sialkot District
Materials and Methods: Study Design: Retrospective study. Place and Duration: This study was conducted at Allama Iqbal Memorial Teaching Hospital, from 1[st] January 2008 to 31[st] December, 2012. The data was extracted, including patient demographic data, manner of injury, date, time, season of injury, type of weapon used, location where victim was attacked, and site of Injury. The data was entered and analyzed in SPSS version 15
Results: Total number of patients were 1240, male and female ratio was 6.2:1 and the most frequent age group was 3[rd] decade of life, it was more frequent in rural as compare to urban areas, majority of the incidences occurred in summer, most involved region was lower limb
Conclusion: Research on GSI provides new results and information which can be used to assist medical resource allocations and preventive campaigns. There is need for educational efforts and community, societal curriculum to reduce the GSI which is not possible without addressing root causes and bringing such changes which may minimize mortality, disability, and cost to community
ABSTRACT
Background: Gunshot injuries [GSI] is a public health problem in developing countries, our studies attempted to define the circumstances, risk factors, extent and severity of firearm related injuries
Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the epidemiology of gunshot injuries, related to its circumstances, risk group, extent of injury and its severity in Sialkot District
Materials and Methods: Study Design: Retrospective study. Place and Duration: This study was conducted at Allama Iqbal Memorial Teaching Hospital, from 1st January 2008 to 31[st] December, 2012. The data was extracted, including patient demographic data, manner of injury, date, time, season of injury, type of weapon used, location where victim was attacked, and site of Injury. The data was entered and analyzed in SPSS version 15
Results: Total number of patients were 1240, male and female ratio was 6.2:1 and the most frequent age group was 3[rd] decade of life, it was more frequent in rural as compare to urban areas, majority of the incidences occurred in summer, most involved region was lower limb
Conclusion: Research on GSI provides new results and information which can be used to assist medical resource allocations and preventive campaigns. There is need for educational efforts and community, societal curriculum to reduce the GSI which is not possible without addressing root causes and bringing such changes which may minimize mortality, disability, and cost to community
ABSTRACT
To measure the association of body mass index [BMI] to lung volumes assessed by spirometer. Cross-sectional analytical study. Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, from February to August 2009. Two hundred and twenty-five apparently healthy adult office workers of either gender aged > 20 years were recruited. Height and weight were measured and BMI was calculated as kg/m2. Subjects were categorized as normal [BMI=18.5 to 24.9 kg/m[2]]; overweight [BMI=25 to 29.9 kg/m[2]]; and obese Class 1 [BMI=30 to 34.9 kg/m[2]] on the basis of BMI. Lung volumes were measured by digital spirometer and were reported as percentage of predicted values for forced vital capacity [FVC%], forced expiratory volume in first second [FEV1%] and ratio of FEV1 to FVC [FEV1:FVC]. Groups were compared using t-test and ANOVA, correlation was assessed by Pearson's 'r'. Significant differences in lung volumes were found in different BMI categories. Obese subjects had significantly lower FVC% [p < 0.0001], as well as significantly lower FEV1% [p = 0.003] as compared to normal subjects. There were significant linear relationships between obesity and PFTs. BMI had significant negative linear association with FVC% in overweight [r = -0.197] and obese [r = - 0.488]; and with FEV1% in obese subjects [r = -0.510]. Gender and age had no significant effect on mean values of PFTs. Obese individuals in this sample had significant decline in lung volumes