ABSTRACT
Background: Pattern of bladder cancer is the second most common malignancy in urinary bladder
Objectives: To determine pattern of presentation, histopathology and management of urinary bladder cancer and to enlist the risk factors of urinary bladder cancer in patients reporting from District Rahim Yar Khan, adjacent districts of Sindh and Balochistan
Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was based on retrospective collection of data and conducted at Sheikh Zayed Hospital, Rahim Yar Khan, for a period of 3 years from 1[st] January, 2009 to 31[st] December, 2011
Results: During 3 years period of study, a total of 54 patients reported. The median age was 65 years. History of painless haematuria with lower urinary tract symptom was most common presentation in [80%], haematuria alone in [15%] and upper urinary tract symptoms were 5%. Eight percent cases of urinary bladder cancer were detected on ultrasound due to above symptoms. Twenty percent of urinary bladder cancer were detected incidentally on ultrasonography for some other problems. Complete Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumor in single growth was done in 40 [74%] of patients. In 14 patients multiple bladder growths were detected on Cystoscopy. Intravesical Mitomycin-C and BCG were given in 70%. In our study the main risk factor was cigarette smoking and Hukkah [70%], in 20% of patient niswar [snuff] and other chemical exposure was seen. In 10% patients whose age was less than 30 years no risk factor was found. Histopathologically, transitional cell carcinoma 90.7%, adenocarcinoma 4.7% and squamous cell carcinoma 1.8%. 70% patients were treated with transurethral resection of bladder tumor with chemotherapy and immunotherapy, 20% with radiotherapy. In 10% patient's only symptomatic treatment was done due to multiple systemic disorders. One average, 18 new cases of urinary bladder cancer were registered at Sheikh Zayed Hospital, Rahim Yar Khan in every year
Conclusion: Our study revealed that bladder cancer was present in old age, and among male predominantly. Majority of the patients presented with painless hematuria and histopathological findings showed that transitional cell carcinoma was predominant type. Majority of the patients were treated with transurethral resection of tumor with chemotherapy. There is need for the more epidemiologic indices in our region. This study suggests early detection of high risk group and support the development of preventive measures