ABSTRACT
Background: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder of multiple etiology, characterized by chronic hyperglycemia and associated with various microvascular, macrovascular and nonvascular complications leading to increasing morbidity and mortality. Microvascular complications are daibetes specific and their relation with associated comorbidities studied worldwide. To estimate the prevalence of microvascular complications in diabetic patients and to find their relation with various comorbid conditions.Methods: A total of hundred diagnosed patients of diabetes mellitus with age ranging from 18 to 75 years were enrolled in the study. Patients were assessed for the presence of microvascular complications and associated comorbidities. The effect of various comorbidities on frequency of microvascular complications was also determined. Data collected was statistically analyzed.Results: In this study, the mean age of the study group was 55.77±11.75 years. Mean age of onset of the disease was 48.89±11.50 years. Mean duration of the disease in the study group was 6.86±5.02 years. Diabetic retinopathy, neuropathy and nephropathy was found in 76%, 63% and 69% patients, respectively. Among patients with hypertension, 91.7%, 83.3%, and 81.7% cases were found to have retinopathy, neuropathy and nephropathy, respectively. The corresponding figures for those with comorbid IHD were 91.1%, 83.9% and 76.8% respectively whereas among patients with coexisting metabolic syndrome, 92.5%, 80.6%, and 79.1% were found to have retinopathy, neuropathy, and nephropathy, respectively.Conclusions: The most frequent microvascular complication reported by this study was diabetic retinopathy. comorbid conditions like hypertension, ischemic heart disease, and metabolic syndrome were associated with higher prevalence of microvascular complications in diabetic patients.
ABSTRACT
Background: Fatigue is a common complaint among patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) that can undermine the daily functional activities of a person. The objectives of the study were to assess the fatigue in patients of newly diagnosed type 2 DM and to relate fatigue with blood glucose parameters (BGP) and glycemic control.Methods: A total 50 patients of type 2 DM, diagnosed as per American Diabetes Association 2011 criteria, were enrolled in the study group. Each subject was evaluated two times for fatigue using Multidimensional Fatigue Symptom Inventory-Short Form (MFSI-SF) scale. 1st assessment was at the time of enrollment and 2nd was done after achieving target control of type 2 DM. Values of Fasting blood glucose (FBG), postprandial blood glucose (PPBG), blood glucose variability (BGV) and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were obtained for each subject at each assessment. Data collected was analyzed statistically.Results: Mean age of study group was 50.7±8.9 years with male to female ratio of 1.17:1. Mean values of MFSI-SF score at 1st and 2nd assessment were 14.10±17.97 and 4.64±14.06, respectively indicating a statistically significant improvement in fatigue (p<0.05) after achieving target control. Overall fatigue, general fatigue, emotional fatigue, and vigor score correlated significantly with glycemic control (HbA1c) with correlation coefficient (r) of 0.337, 0.351, 0 .339, and - 0.281, respectively (all p <0.05).Conclusions: Fatigue had a positive correlation with FBG, PPBG and BGV and HbA1c. A significant improvement in all the parameters of fatigue was noted after control of diabetic status.