Estrogen and progesterone receptor status and Her-2/Neu over expression in breast carcinoma with relation to age

Carcinoma of the breast is the common malignancy in Pakistani females. The study was conducted to assess estrogen receptor [ER], progesterone receptor [PR] and Her-2/neu over-expression in females with relation to age. Institution based prospective study. This study was carried out at the Histopathology section in the Department of Pathology, LUMHS, Jamshoro from March 2010 to December 2011. Fifty cases of breast carcinoma were selected to evaluate ER, PR and Her-2/neu over-expression by Immunohistochemistry [IHC]. The predominant histologic morphology was Infiltrating duct cell carcinoma. Majority of the cases presented with grade-II [78.7%] with a mean age of 46.5 years. IHC performed on 50 cases revealed ER +ve in 34 [68%] cases with a mean age of 47.5 years and ER -ve in 16 [32%] cases with a mean age of 44.5 years while PR +ve in 30 [60%] cases with mean age of 44.1 years and PR -ve in 20 [40%] cases with a mean age of 50.1 years. Her-2/neu over-expression was found in 15 [30%] cases with a mean age of 41.6 years and Her-2/neu -ve in 35 [70%] cases with a mean age of 48.6 years. ER and PR expression was found at a significant level reflecting a good therapeutic and prognostic value but the frequency of Her-2/neu over-expression was high reflecting a bad prognosis

Burden of diabetes mellitus in the families of medical students of lower Sindh

The non communicable diseases are chronic and exist in human body for long period, diabetes is one of those. The origin word of diabetes means siphon or a pipe from which water or any liquid can pass to another container or bottle the word mellitus is Latin and it means sweet, thus diabetes mellitus means sweet urine excreted from the body of person. To ask history of Diabetes in the families of Medical Students. To alculate the burden of diabetes patients present in the family. cross sectional study. This study was carried out at faculty of community medicine and Public Health Sciences Liaquat University of Medical Health Sciences Jamshoro from 1[st] February 2013 to 31[st] May 2013. It is a cross sectional through a pre design and pre tested. Questionnaire having questions about personal bio data like age, sex, rural, urban, merit seats or self financed seats admission history of diabetes in the family and other relevant. The study shows male and female gender of students out of total 154 medical students there were male were 42 [27.27%] and there were 112 [72.72%] female students regarding the type of History of Diabetes in Families of medical students out of total medical students 154, there were 59 [38.31 %] who reported history of diabetes while 95 [61.68%] of no history of diabetes in their families. The Glucometer is a small machine, available in 53 [34.41%] families-and not available 101[65.58%] in the families of the students. The distribution of students according to seat of admission shows out of total 154 students who participated in the study 733 were on merit while 82 were on self finance which means having good income source. The study concludes that there is high burden of diabetes in medical students families in Sindh. Majority is managed on diet, more counseling is required

Pancytopenia: a clinico-haematologic analysis of 100 cases at tertiary care hospital

Pancytopenia is a serious haematological problem, which makes the patient prone to anaemic manifestations, infections and bleeding tandency. Underlying it are many diseases, which are diagnosed by bone marrow aspiration and trephine biopsy. This study was done to describe different etiological causes of pancytopenia in adults population of lower Sindh. Cross sectional study. The study was carried out in the department of pathology and diagnostic and research laboratory, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences [LUMHS] Hyderabad in collaboration with medical units of LUMHS Jamshoro from January 2009 to June 2010. A total of 100 adult patients with Pancytopenia diagnosed on peripheral blood smear examination were admitted in four medical units of LUMHS Jamshoro during study period, were followed by bone marrow examination and trephine biopsy wherever required. Megaloblastic anaemia was diagnosed in 46% cases, followed by aplastic anaemia in 22% and Acute leukaemia in 10% cases and 5% cases each were diagnosed as hyperspleenism and disseminated tuberculosis. Multiple myelomas were diagnosed in 4% cases, Meylodysplastic syndrome in 3% and Non-Hodgkins lymphoma is seen in 3% and Myelo-fibrosis in 2% cases. It is concluded that Megaloblastic anaemia is most common cause of Pancytopenia in our series followed by aplastic anaemia and acute leukaemia

Frequency of ABO, and Rh [D] blood groups at Hyderabad, Sind and its territory

To see the frequency of ABO, subgroup ABO and Rh[D] blood groups in Patients, and donors, who attended the Liaquat university hospital for any type of surgery, Gynaecology and Obstratical problem, etc, of Hyderabad and its territory. Cross- sectional study. Department of Pathology and Diagnostic and Research Laboratory, LUMHS, Jamshoro/ Hyderabad, from February, 2012 to March, 2012. Donors and patients of both sexes, blood samples were collected under aseptic condition from anti-cubital vein for determination of blood groups. Subjects belonging to Hyderabad and its Territory, were included in this study. ABO blood grouping was determined by tile method using commercially prepared anti sera, anti A, anti B, anti AB [Plasmatic Kent, UK]. Presence of Rh D antigen was determined by anti-D [Biotic Laboratories Ltd UK]. For Rh-negative Du test was done. Our study shows, A positive-22.88%, A negative-02.31%, B positive-33.85%, B negative -03.27%, AB positive-08.27%, AB negative-0.77%, O positive-26.73%, O negative -01.92%. Regarding the management of blood bank and transfusion services in this area. ABO and Rh antigenic structure differs between regions and nations. Knowledge of blood group distribution may also play an important role for clinical studies, reliable geographical information and for forensic studies in the populations. Such studies need to be carried out at all the regional levels of Pakistan

Hysterectomies; an audit at a tertiary care hospital

To audit indications and histopathological diagnosis of hysterectomies performed at Muhammad Medical College hospital, Mirpurkhas. Retrospective study. Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Department of Pathology, Muhammad Medical College Hospital, Mirpurkhas Sindh from January to December 2008. Data regarding symptoms and indications of hysterectomies performed during this year were collected from files and patient records. Histopathological reports of those patients were collected from department of pathology. The results were analyzed by percentages. A total of 145 hysterectomies were performed in 2008. Mean age of patients was 45years ranging from 35-60 years and parity ranges from 4 - 10. Most common presenting complaints were excessive menstrual blood loss in 97[67%] patients, followed by some thing coming out of vagina 28[19%]. Most common pre-operative diagnosis of fibroid was made in 44 [33%] followed by uterovaginal prolapse in 28[19%] and dysfunctional uterine bleeding [DUB] in 18[12%] of patients. Regarding histopathological diagnosis chronic cervicitis was the most commonly diagnosed pathology in 45 [31%] followed by fibroid in 25[17%] cases. A yearly audit should be conducted in every institute to collect data and to analyze the pattern of indication and lesions found on histopathological examination

Clinco pathological experience of gall bladder cancer in northern Sindh

Carcinoma gall bladder has a poor prognosis despite surgical resection of the tumour

-3 A prospective study was planned to evaluate carcinoma gall bladder according to its Clinicopathological presentation. Its frequency among gall bladder diseases was 5.21 percent with male to female ratio 1: 1.22. Average and median ages were 53.43 years and 55 years respectively. Peak age group was 5th decade. Three most common presenting complaints were right hypochondria! Pain [67.24 percent], vomiting [34.48 percent] and lump right hypochondrium [27.58 percent]. Most common macroscopic appearance was cauliflower like mass. Gall stones were associated with 39.65 percent cases. Most of the tumours were adenocarcinomas, majority in advanced histological grades. Glandular pattern was noticed in 27 cases and papillary pattern in 21 cases. Compared to developed countries our patients were more than a decade younger