Application and development of alveoloplasty in implant-supported full-arch fixed prosthesis / 中华口腔医学杂志

Implant-supported full-arch fixed prosthesis is hot in edentulous therapy currently. Appropriate contour of bone is the premise of good restoration outcome. Alveoloplasty is an important part during treatment procedure. Alveoloplasty can be used to obtain bone platform for implant insertion, create adequate prosthetic space, achieve good Aesthetic effect, and form appropriate soft tissue morphology. The design of alveoloplasty has evolved from traditional plaster models and cone beam CT to three-dimensional (3D) virtual patients. The surgical techniques of alveoloplasty have also undergone the evolution from free-hand to static guide or dynamic navigation. This article elaborates on the concept, purpose and significance of alveloplasty in implant supported full-arch fixed restoration, technology evolution and process to provide reference for clinical practice.

Effect of dexamethasone on the expression of Dynein heavy chain and Dynactin in the cytoplasm of fetal rat cerebral cortical neurons cultured / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To study the effect of dexamethasone (DEX) on the expression of Dynein heavy chain (DHC) and Dynactin in the cytoplasm of fetal rat cerebral cortical neurons cultured @*METHODS@#Primary cerebral cortical neurons of fetal rats were cultured @*RESULTS@#There was no significant difference in the mRNA expression levels of DHC and Dynactin among the three groups at all time points (@*CONCLUSIONS@#DEX affects the protein expression of DHC and Dynactin in the fetal rat cerebral cortical neurons cultured

Simultaneous determination of 35 constituents and elucidation of effective constituents in a multi-herb Chinese medicine formula Xiaoer-Feire-Kechuan / 药物分析学报

Xiaoer-Feire-Kechuan (XFK) is an 11-herb Chinese medicine formula to treat cough and pulmonary inflammation.The complicated composition rendered its chemical analysis and effective-component elucidation.In this study,we combined quantitative analysis and bioactivity test to reveal the anti-inflammatory constituents of XFK.First,UPLC-DAD and UHPLC/Q-Orbitrap-MS methods were estab-lished and validated to quantify 35 analytes (covering 9 out of 11 herbs) in different XFK formulations.Parallel reaction monitoring mode built in Q-Orbitrap-MS was used to improve the sensitivity and selectivity.Then,anti-inflammatory activities of the 35 analytes were analyzed using in vitro COX-2 inhibition assay.Finally,major analytes forsythosides H,I,A (8-10),and baicalin (15) (total contents varied from 21.79 to 91.20 mg/dose in different formulations) with significant activities (inhibitory rate ≥ 80％) were proposed as the anti-inflammatory constituents of XFK.The present study provided an effective strategy to discover effective constituents of multi-herb formulas.

Characteristics of electrophysiological changes in the process of astrocytes pyroptosis after hyperoxia exposure / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVES@#To observe the electrophysiological changes of astrocytes in the process of hyperoxia induced apoptosis and analyze the relationship between electrophysiological characteristics and morphological changes.@*METHODS@#Astrocytes were exposed to 90% hyperoxia for 12-72 h. The electrophysiological characteristics of astrocytes in each group were detected by patch clamp technique, and the morphological characteristics of astrocytes were observed at the same time. Then the same batch of astrocytes were collected, and the expression levels of caspase-1, caspase-3, gasdermin D (GSDMD) and gasdermin E (GSDME) were detected by Western blotting.@*RESULTS@#From 12 h to 72 h after hyperoxia exposure, the inward current was significantly lower than that of the control group (0.05). At each time point, the morphology of cells changed correspondingly. Western blotting showed that the expression of caspase-1 was increased significantly at 24 h and decreased significantly at 72 h after hyperoxia exposure (0.05), but began to decrease at 48 h (<0.05); GSDME increased gradually at 24 h after hyperoxia exposure (<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Under hyperoxia exposure, the ion channels of astrocytes are damaged, which can maintain the dysfunction of ion homeostasis, activate GSDME, induce the damaged cells to break away from the apoptotic pathway, and mediate the pyroptosis.

A multicenter survey of antibiotic use in very and extremely low birth weight infants in Hunan Province / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the current status of antibiotic use for very and extremely low birth weight (VLBW/ELBW) infants in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) of Hunan Province.@*METHODS@#The use of antibiotics was investigated in multiple level 3 NICUs of Hunan Province for VLBW and ELBW infants born between January, 2017 and December, 2017.@*RESULTS@#The clinical data of 1 442 VLBW/ELBW infants were collected from 24 NICUs in 2017. The median antibiotic use duration was 17 days (range: 0-86 days), accounting for 53.0% of the total length of hospital stay. The highest duration of antibiotic use was up to 91.4% of the total length of hospital stay, with the lowest at 14.6%. In 16 out of 24 NICUs, the antibiotic use duration was accounted for more than 50.0% of the hospitalization days. There were 113 cases with positive bacterial culture grown in blood or cerebrospinal fluid, making the positive rate of overall bacterial culture as 7.84%. The positive rate of bacterial culture in different NICUs was significantly different from 0% to 14.9%. The common isolated bacterial pathogens Klebsiella pneumoniae was 29 cases (25.7%); Escherichia coli 12 cases (10.6%); Staphylococcus aureus 3 cases (2.7%). The most commonly used antibiotics were third-generation of cephalosporins, accounting for 41.00% of the total antibiotics, followed by penicillins, accounting for 32.10%, and followed by carbapenems, accounting for 13.15%. The proportion of antibiotic use time was negatively correlated with birth weight Z-score and the change in weight Z-score between birth and hospital discharge (r=-0.095, -0.151 respectively, P<0.01), positively correlated with death/withdrawal of care (r=0.196, P<0.01).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Antibiotics used for VLBW/ELBW infants in NICUs of Hunan Province are obviously prolonged in many NICUs. The proportion of routine use of third-generation of cephalosporins and carbapenems antibiotics is high among the NICUs.

Heart rate variability in neonates with non-benign tachyarrhythmia / 中国当代儿科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To study heart rate variability (HRV) in neonates with non-benign tachyarrhythmia (NNTA) and the role of automatic nervous system (ANS) in NNTA.@*METHODS@#The neonates who were admitted to the Department of Neonatology, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, from January 2010 to June 2018 and were diagnosed with NNTA were enrolled as the NNTA group, and the neonates with sinus rhythm or accidental premature beats on ambulatory electrocardiography were enrolled as the control group. Each group was further subdivided into preterm and term subgroups. A retrospective analysis was performed for their clinical data.@*RESULTS@#A total of 27 NNTA neonates were enrolled, accounting for 0.28% (27/9 632) of all neonates hospitalized during the same period of time, and 53 neonates were enrolled in the control group. Compared with the preterm and term control subgroups, the preterm NNTA and term NNTA subgroups had a significant increase in the standard deviation of average RR interval (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#Immature and unbalanced ANS function may play an important role in the development and progression of NNTA.

Downregulation of OsAGO17 by artificial microRNA causes pollen abortion resulting in the reduction of grain yield in rice

Background: Pollen development is an important reproductive process that directly affects pollen fertility and grain yield in rice. Argonaute (AGO) proteins, the core effectors of RNA-mediated silencing, play important roles in regulating plant growth and development. However, few AGO proteins in rice were reported to be involved in pollen development. In this study, artificial microRNA technology was used to assess the function of OsAGO17 in pollen development. Results: In this study, OsAGO17, a rice-specific gene, was specifically expressed in rice pollen grains, with the highest expression in uninucleate microspores. Downregulation of OsAGO17 by artificial microRNA technology based on the endogenous osa-miRNA319a precursor was successfully achieved. It is found that downregulation of OsAGO17 could significantly affect pollen fertility and cause pollen abortion, thus suggesting that OsAGO17 functions in rice pollen development. In addition, the downregulation of OsAGO17 mainly caused a low seed-setting rate, thereby resulting in the reduction of grain yield, whereas the downregulation of OsAGO17 did not significantly affect rice vegetative growth and other agricultural traits including number of florets per panicle, number of primary branch per panicle, and 100-grain weight. Furthermore, the result of subcellular localization analysis indicated that the OsAGO17 protein was localized to both the nucleus and the cytoplasm. Conclusion: These results represent the first report of the biological function for OsAGO17 in rice and indicate that OsAGO17 may possibly play crucial regulatory roles in rice pollen development. It helps us to better understand the mechanism of pollen development in rice.

Effect of corticosterone on lissencephaly 1 expression in developing cerebral cortical neurons of fetal rats cultured in vitro / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of corticosterone on the expression of the neuronal migration protein lissencephaly 1 (LIS1) in developing cerebral cortical neurons of fetal rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The primary cultured cerebral cortical neurons of fetal Wistar rats were divided into control group, low-dose group, and high-dose group. The neurons were exposed to the medium containing different concentrations of corticosterone (0 μmol/L for the control group, 0.1 μmol/L for the low-dose group, and 1.0 μmol/L for the high-dose group). The neurons were collected at 1, 4, and 7 days after intervention. Western blot and immunocytochemical staining were used to observe the change in LIS1 expression in neurons.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Western blot showed that at 7 days after intervention, the low- and high-dose groups had significantly higher expression of LIS1 in the cytoplasm and nucleus of cerebral cortical neurons than the control group (P<0.05), and the high-dose group had significantly lower expression of LIS1 in the cytoplasm of cerebral cortical neurons than the low-dose group (P<0.05). Immunocytochemical staining showed that at 1, 4, and 7 days after corticosterone intervention, the high-dose group had a significantly lower mean optical density of LIS1 than the control group and the low-dose group (P<0.05). At 7 days after intervention, the low-dose group had a significantly lower mean optical density of LIS1 than the control group (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Corticosterone downregulates the expression of the neuronal migration protein LIS1 in developing cerebral cortical neurons of fetal rats cultured in vitro, and such effect depends on the concentration of corticosterone and duration of corticosterone intervention.</p>

Simultaneous Determination of Liquiritin, Isoliquiritin, Glycyrrhizin, Isoliquiritigenin and Glycyrrhizic Acid in Licorice Extract by HPLC Dual Wavelength Spectrophotometry / 中国中医药信息杂志

Objective To establish a method for the simultaneous determination of liquiritin, isoliquiritin, glycyrrhizin, isoliquiritigenin and glycyrrhizic acid in licorice extract. Methods Liquiritin, isoliquiritin, glycyrrhizin, isoliquiritigenin and glycyrrhizic acid in licorice extract were determined by HPLC dual wavelength spectrophotometry. Symmetry C18 column (4.6 mm × 250 mm, 5 μm) was used. The mobile phase was acetonitrile (A) - 0.085％ phosphoric acid water (B), ingradient elution mode (0–8 min, 81％ B; 8–35 min, 81％→50％ B; 35–60 min, 50％ B) with the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The sample size was 10 μL, and column temperature was room temperature. Dual wavelength detection, λ1=237 nm, λ2=254 nm. Results Liquiritin, isoliquiritin, glycyrrhizin, isoliquiritigenin and glycyrrhizic acid were linear in the ranges of 0.0408–0.816 μg, 0.0528–1.056 μg, 0.0224–0.448 μg, 0.0212–0.424 μg, and 0.0448–0.896 μg, respectively. The average recovery was 98.69％, 98.31％, 99.10％, 98.55％, and 99.14％, respectively; RSD was 1.39％, 1.29％, 1.78％, 2.14％, and 1.15 ％, respectively. Conclusion The method is accurate, reliable and specific. The results are stable with good repeatability. It can be used for the determine of above 5 components in licorice extract.

Identification and differentiation of,, andby monitoring multiple diagnostic chemical markers

To differentiate traditional Chinese medicines (TCM) derived from congeneric species in TCM compound preparations is usually challenging. The roots of(PG),(PQ) and(PN) are used as popular TCM. They contain similar triterpenoid saponins (ginsenosides) as the major bioactive constituents. Thus far, only a few chemical markers have been discovered to differentiate these three species. Herein we present a multiple marker detection approach to effectively differentiate the threespecies, and to identify them in compound preparations. Firstly, 85 batches of crude drug samples (including 32 PG, 30 PQ, and 23 PN) were analyzed by monitoring 40 major ginsenosides in the extracted ion chromatograms (EICs) using a validated LC-MS fingerprinting method. Secondly, the samples were clustered into different groups by pattern recognition chemometric approaches using PLS-DA and OPLS-DA models, and 17 diagnostic chemical markers were discovered. Aside from the previously known Rf and p-F, ginsenoside Rscould be a new marker to differentiate PG from PQ. Finally, the above multiple chemical markers were used to identify thespecies in 60 batches of TCM compound preparations.

Analysis of the status quo and needs of community care for disabled elderly in Beijing / 中国卫生政策研究

Objective:To study the current status and needs of Community Care for disabled elderly in Beijing and put forward the suggestions for improving the elderly Community Care system. Methods:Descriptive statistical a-nalysis, Chi-square test and Multivariate logistic analysis were adopted to analyze the situation of Community Care for Disabled elderly using data from the community survey of elderly population in Beijing. Results:The status of health is not optimistic for Disabled elderly, there are high demands for the community health services and welfare facilities for elderly and the needs for services provided by part-time home care, day care and volunteers are high, but those services and facilities provided by communities were found to be inadequate. Conclusion:China has a large popula-tion base of Disabled elderly and its number grows fast, but community care supply is in shortage and cannot meet the needs of those people. It is therefore urgent to improve community health services and community care system.

Neurobehavioral development in preterm infants: a retrospective study of 181 cases / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the results of Gesell Developmental Scale in follow-up of preterm infants and to determine possible high-risk factors for poor long-term neurological outcome.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A preterm infants' questionnaire was designed, and a retrospective study was conducted on the clinical data of 181 preterm infants (corrected age 2-12 months) and their mothers. The developmental quotient (DQ) scores were determined by the Gesell Developmental Scale and statistically analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with those with a birth weight (BW) of ≥1 500 g, the preterm infants with a BW of <1 500 g had significantly reduced DQ scores of adaptability, gross motor movement, and fine movement (P<0.05). Compared with those with a gestational age (GA) of ≥32 weeks, the preterm infants with a GA of <32 weeks had significantly reduced DQ scores of adaptability, gross motor movement, fine movement, and social contact (P<0.05). DQ scores on five Gesell subscales were significantly positively correlated with GA and BW (P<0.05). The DQ scores on Gesell subscales showed a significant negative correlation with severe complications in neonatal period (P<0.001).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>For preterm infants, BW <1 500 g and GA <32 weeks are high-risk factors for abnormal adaptability, gross motor movement, fine movement, and social contact, and this group of infants should be followed up closely. Severe complications in neonatal period may be associated with poor long-term neurological outcome and should be effectively prevented and treated.</p>

Ganciclovir therapy for congenital cytomegalovirus infection in newborn infants: a meta analysis / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the efficacy and safety of ganciclovir therapy for congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in newborn infants.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-RCTs on ganciclovir therapy for congenital CMV were reviewed in the following electronic databases: PubMed (January 1988 to January 2009), EMbase (January 1988 to January 2009), the Cochrane library (Issue 3, 2003 and Issue 1, 2009), the Chinese Journals Full-text Database (January 1994 to January 2009), the Chinese Biological Medical Disc (January 1994 to January 2009) and the Chinese Medical Current Contents (January 1994 to January 2009). Quality assessment, data extraction, and meta analysis were performed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Ten papers were included. Meta analysis showed that the ganciclovir therapy increased the improvement rate (91.4% vs 34.0%; p<0.01) and led CMV infection indexes to become negative in more patients (87.6% vs 15.3%; p<0.01) and decreased incidence of hearing disturbance (4.7% vs 37.2%; p<0.01) as compared with the non-ganciclovir therapy control group. The incidence of the ganciclovir-therapy-related side effects was low.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Ganciclovir treatment may increase the improvement rate and the rate of CMV infection indexes becoming negative, and decrease incidence of hearing disturbance, with few side effects, in newborn infants with CMV infection. However the supporting evidence is not strong due to few trials and more high-quality research is needed.</p>

Effects of neonatal recurrent seizures on glucocorticoid receptor expression in the rat brain / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effets of flurothyl-induced neonatal recurrent seizures on glucocorticoid receptor (GR) expression in the rat brain.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Forty-eight seven-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups: control and seizure. Seizures were induced by inhalant flurothyl daily for six consecutive days. Brains were sampled on postnatal days 13, 15 and 19. The expression of GR protein in the cerebral cortex was detected by Western blot and immunohistochemical method.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The expression of GR in the cerebral cortical plasma protein was significantly lower in the seizure group than in the control group on postnatal day 15. The expression of GR protein in the cerebral cortical nuclear protein decreased significantly in the seizure group compared with that in the control group on postnatal days 15 and 19 (p<0.05). Compared to the control group, the accumulated optical density (AOD) of GR immunoreactivity (IR) decreased significantly in the parietal cortex on postnatal day 13 (p<0.05), the AOD of GR IR decreased significantly in the parietal cortex and the temporal cortex on postnatal day 15 (p<0.05), and the AOD of GR IR decreased significantly in the parietal cortex, temporal cortex and the frontal cortex in the seizure group on postnatal day 19 (p<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Recurrent seizures in neonatal rats result in abnormal GR expression in the cerebral cortex which might play an important role in short-term brain injury induced by early recurrent seizures.</p>

Effect of magnesium-free on glucocorticoid receptor expression in primary cultured cortical neurons of fetal rats in vitro / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the changes of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) expression in embryonic rat cortical neurons exposed to transient Mg(2+)-free treatment.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Six days after rat cortical neuronal cultures, two groups were created based on the medium to which were transiently exposed. The control group was exposed to a physiological solution (PS), and the Mg(2+)-free group was exposed to the same medium as the control group except for the removal of magnesium. The expression of GR mRNA and protein was determined by real-time PCR and immunocytochemistry staining 1, 7 and 12 days after transient Mg(2+)-free treatment.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared to the control group, the Mg(2+)-free group displayed the significantly less accumulated optical density (AOD) of GR immunoreactivity 12 days after transient Mg(2+)-free treatment (p<0.05). On the contrary, GR mRNA expression increased significantly 1 and 7 days after transient Mg(2+)-free treatment in the Mg(2+)-free group (p<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>GR expression is modified following Mg-free-induced injury in cultured developing neurons in rats.</p>

ACTH, cortisol and aldosterone level of preterm infants with critical illness / 中国小儿急救医学

Objective To investigate the effect of illness severity on preterm infant's hypothalamusputituary-adrenal (HPA) axis, we measured the serum concentration of cortisol,aldosterone and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). Methods Ninety preterm infants who were transferred to our hospital within 72 hours after birth were involved. These preterm infants were divided into two groups:gestational age (GA) ≥34 weeks' preterm infants and GA <34 weeks' preterm infants. We evaluated these preterm infants at the time of admission,day 7 and day 14 after birth with neonatal critical illness score (NCIS). Then they were divided into mild group and severe group by the lowest score. We measured their serum cortisol,aldosterone and ACTH at the time of admission,day 7 and day l4 after birth. Results (1) The serum cortisol concentration of preterm infants with severe illness was higher than that of preterm infants with mild illness. Among the GA ≥34 weeks' preterm infants,the serum cortisol concentration of preterm infants with severe illness was significandy higher than that of preterm infants with mild illness within 72 hours after birth (t = -2.263,P =0. 029). Among the GA <34 weeks' preterm infants,the serum cortisol concentration of preterm infants with severe illness was significantly higher than that of preterm infants with mild illness on day 14 after birth (t =-2. 913 ,P =0. 006). (2) Among the preterm infants with severe illness,the serum cortisol concentration of the GA≥34 weeks' was significantly higher than that of the GA < 34 weeks' within 72 hours after birth (t =-2. 641 ,P =0. 010) ;the serum cortisol concentration of the GA <34 weeks' was significantly higher than that of the GA≥34 weeks' on the day 14 after birth(t = -2. 189,P =0. 036) . (3) The serum cortisol concentration was significantly decreased in the GA≥34 weeks'preterm infants (F = 4. 679, P =0. 012). (4) The serum cortisol concentration of aldosterone and ACTH was not significantly different between preterm infants with severe illness and those with mild illness. Conclusion The preterm infant already has the ability to respond to stimuli by regulating cortisol secretion. The serum cortisol concentration increases as disease severity worsens.Serum aldosterone and ACTH concentration are not correlated with the severity of the disease.

Expression of caspase-3 and FasL in the hippocampns of the infantile rats with recurrent seizures / 中国医师杂志

Objective To investigate the expression of caspase-3 and FasL in the hippocampus of the infantile rats with recurrent sei-zures. Methods 72 of 20-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups, control group and seizure group. Seizures in rats were induced by inhalant flurothyl daily in six consecutive days. Brain tissue was sampled at different time points (the 1st day, 3rd day and 7th day) after last seizure. The expressions of caspase-3 and FasL proteins in the hippocampus were detected by immunohistochemistry, and the expression of caspase-3 mRNA was measured by reverse transcription- polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results The caspase-3 protein, FasL protein and caspnse-3 mRNA levels were obviously increased at the 1st, 3rd and 7th day after recurrent seizure in the hippocampus of the rat(P<0.01). Conclusions Caspase-3 and FasL are participated in the infantile brain injury after recurrent seizures.

Intelligent optimization of the structure of the large section highway tunnel based on improved immune genetic algorithm / 西安交通大学学报·英文版

As in the building of deep buried long tunnels, there are complicated conditions such as great deformation, high stress, multi-variables, high non-linearity and so on, the algorithm for structure optimization and its application in tunnel engineering are still in the starting stage. Along with the rapid development of highways across the country, it has become a very urgent task to be tackled to carry out the optimization design of the structure of the section of the tunnel to lessen excavation workload and to reinforce the support. Artificial intelligence demonstrates an extremely strong capability of identifying, expressing and disposing such kind of multiple variables and complicated non-linear relations. In this paper, a comprehensive consideration of the strategy of the selection and updating of the concentration and adaptability of the immune algorithm is made to replace the selection mode in the original genetic algorithm which depends simply on the adaptability value. Such an algorithm has the advantages of both the immune algorithm and the genetic algorithm, thus serving the purpose of not only enhancing the individual adaptability but maintaining the individual diversity as well. By use of the identifying function of the antigen memory, the global search capability of the immune genetic algorithm is raised, thereby avoiding the occurrence of the premature phenomenon. By optimizing the structure of the section of the Huayuan tunnel, the current excavation area and support design are adjusted. A conclusion with applicable value is arrived at. At a higher computational speed and a higher efficiency, the current method is verified to have advantages in the optimization computation of the tunnel project. This also suggests that the application of the immune genetic algorithm has a practical significance to the stability assessment and informationization design of the wall rock of the tunnel.

Comparison of therapeutic effect of different doses of ganciclovir for neonatal congenital cytomegalovirus infection / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Ganciclovir is a first-line drug for treatment of cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. However, some ganciclovir treatment-related side-effects can be found. This study aimed to compare the efficacy and side effects of relatively low and high doses of ganciclovir in the treatment of neonatal congenital CMV infection.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred and sixty-seven neonates with congenital CMV infection were randomly assigned to high-dose (n=79) and low-dose ganciclovir groups (n=88). The high-dose ganciclovir group was injected with ganciclovir of 7.5 mg/kg in the inducement phase and of 10 mg/kg in the maintaining phase. The low-dose ganciclovir group was injected with ganciclovir of 5 mg/kg in the inducement and the maintaining phases. The efficacy and side effects were observed in the two groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>After treatment the clinical symptoms and signs were obviously improved in both groups. CMV-IgM became negative in 93.8% of neonates in the high-dose ganciclovir group and 93.1% of neonates in the low-dose ganciclovir group (P>0.05). CMV-DNA became negative in 80.8% of neonates in the high-dose ganciclovir group and in 86.7% in the low-dose ganciclovir group (P>0.05). The low-dose ganciclovir group had lower incidence of side effects than the high-dose ganciclovir group: vomiting 2.3% vs 11.4%; anemia 8.0% vs 20.3%; reduction of neutrophilic granulocytes 5.7% vs 16.5%; increase in platelet count 8.0% vs 18.9% (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Low-dose ganciclovir has the same clinical efficacy to high-dose ganciclovir for treatment of neonatal congenital CMV infection, but fewer side effects occur in the low-dose group.</p>

Short-term effects of recurrent neonatal seizures on gamma-aminobutyric acid A receptor alpha1 and beta2 subunit expression in the rat brain / 中国当代儿科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the short-term effects of flurothyl-induced neonatal recurrent seizures on gamma-aminobutyric acid A receptor (GABAAR) alpha1 and beta2 subunit expression in the rat brain, and to study the relationship between the alterations of GABAAR subunits in the developing brain and seizure-induced brain injury.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixty-four 7-day-old Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into two groups: control and seizure. Seizures were induced by inhalant flurothyl daily for six consecutive days. The expression of GABAAR alpha1 and beta2 subunits protein in the cerebral cortex and the hippocampus were detected by Western blot and immunohistochemistry method 1 and 7 days after recurrent seizures.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared to the control, the accumulated optical density (AOD) of GABAAR alpha1 subunit immunoreactivity (IR) in the parietal cortex, the CA3-CA4 regions and the dentate gyrus in seizure rats increased significantly 1 day after recurrent seizures (P<0.05). The AOD of GABAAR alpha1 subunit IR in the parietal cortex, the CA1-CA4 regions and the dentate gyrus in seizure rats increased significantly 7 days after recurrent seizures compared with the control (P<0.05). The expression of GABAAR alpha1 subunit in the hippicampus and the cerebral cortex increased significantly in seizure rats compared with that in control rats 1 and 7 days after recurrent seizures. After 7 days of recurrent seizures, the AOD of GABAAR beta2 subunit IR in the CA1-CA2 regions increased significantly in the seizure group compared with that in the control group (P<0.05), but the AOD of GABAAR beta2 subunit IR in the thalamus decreased significantly in the seizure group compared with that in the control group (P<0.05). The expression of GABAAR beta2 subunit protein in the hippocampus increased significantly in the seizure group compared with that in the control group 7 days after recurrent seizures (P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Recurrent neonatal seizures may result in the short-term alterations of GABAAR alpha1 and beta2 subunits expression in the cerebral cortex and the hippocampus in rats, suggesting the alterations of GABAAR subunit expression may be related to the developing brain injury following recurrent seizures.</p>