ABSTRACT
Objective To provide data reference for improving the selection criteria of the dosage forms and specifications of the electrolytes and antipyretic analgesics in the Essential Medicines List, and to improve the applicability of these medicines to children and the availability of essential medicines. Methods The market and prices of electrolytes and antipyretic analgesics were retrieved by the system. The data were processed by Excel software, and the different dosage forms were compared and analyzed. Results 8 medication classes were included for adjusting water, electrolytes and acid-base balance, and another 16 classes were analgesic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory, anti-rheumatic and anti-gout drugs. Those medications were characterized with many registered approval numbers, manufacturers and some considerations for pediatric uses. The proper prices were given for different dosage forms and specifications. There is a room for improvement regarding the specifications of potassium, glucose injections, and acetaminophen preparations. Conclusion The selection of pharmaceutical dosage forms and specifications in the Essential Medicines List should be comprehensively evaluated from the registered approval numbers of base medicines, the manufacturers and related prices in pharmaceutical procurement platforms from various provinces, and the clinical needs for special populations. It is recommended that 10 ml: 1 g potassium chloride injection, 50 ml glucose injection，acetaminophen suppositories and drops were included in the Essential Medicines List.
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OBJECTIVE：To compare the similarities and differences of antiepileptic drugs between 2019 edition of WHO Model List of Essential Medicines for Children （called“WHO-EMLc”for short ）and 2018 edition of the National Essential Medicines List （called“NEML”for short ），and to provide reference for the improvement of national essential medicines list and formulation of essential medicines list for children. METHODS ：By means of descriptive analysis ，the differences in the varieties ， dosage forms ，specifications and marker symbols of antiepileptic drugs were compared between WHO-EMLc and NEML. The marketing status of antiepileptic drugs included in WHO-EMLc and NEML were analyzed statistically. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS：There were 9 kinds of antiepileptic drugs included in WHO-EMLc ，all of which were under the category of anticonvulsant/antiepileptic drugs. There were 6 kinds of antiepileptic drugs in NEML of China ，and the other three kinds of drugs included in WHO-EMLc were included in the category of psychotherapy drugs in NEML. Eight kinds of antiepileptic 126 drugs were shared by NEML and WHO-EMLc ， namely 109614043@qq.com carbamazepine， valproic acid ， phenytoin sodium ， pheno- barbital，lamotrigine，diazepam，lorazepam and midazolam. The special antiepileptic drug in NEML was ocazepine ，and edu.cn the special antiepileptic drug in WHO-EMLC was ethylsu c- cinate. Oral dosage forms involved in WHO-EMLc included oral solution ，ordinary tablet，enteric-coated tablet ，dispersed tablet ， etc.，while oral dosage forms involved in NEML included ordinary tablet ，dispersed tablet and oral solution. In terms of dosage form of a single drug ，the drug specifications in WHO-EMLc were more comprehensive than those in NEML. In WHO-EMLc ， lorazepam was labeled with “□”，indicating that it was more effective and safe in similar drugs . Lamotrigine ，midazolam injection and phenytoin （25 mg∶5 mL and 30 mg∶5 mL）were labeled with “*”，indicating that there were special precautions for the drug or dosage form and specification. In NEML ，diazepam was marked with “*”，and diazepam injection was marked with “△”， indicating that diazepam appeared repeatedly under different classifications ；diazepam injection should be used under the guidance of doctors with corresponding prescription qualifications or under the guidance of specialists ，and the use monitoring and efficacy evaluation should be strengthened. In addition ，most of the antiepileptic drugs included in WHO-EMLc had been marketed in China，but the dosage forms on the market were relatively simple ，which could not meet the drug demand of children. Our country could learn from WHO-EMLc selection method to further improve the national essential medicine list ，formulate essential medicine list for children which was suitable for Chinese national conditionsas soon as possible on the basis of disease spectrum and drug clinical comprehensive evaluation. At the same time ，the government should also encourage the development and production of children’s medicines to ensure that children fairly access to drugs.
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OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the effects of PDCA cycle management method on clinical application of Fat-soluble vita-min for injection (Ⅱ). METHODS:By retrospective analysis,500 discharge medical records of Fat-soluble vitamin for injection (Ⅱ)were collected from our hospital during Jul.-Aug. in 2015(before intervention),Sep.-Oct. in 2015(after first intervention cy-cle),Nov.-Dec. in 2015(after second intervention cycle),respectively. RESULTS:After 2 PDCA cycles,the proportion Fat-solu-ble vitamin injection (Ⅱ) use without indication decreased from 65.4% to 39.2%;the reasonable rate of drug dosage increased from 53.2% to 97.2%,and that of usage increased from 96.4% to 99.8%;the reasonable rate of medication course increased from 69.6% to 96.6%;the reasonable rate of the clinical application of Fat-soluble vitamin injection (Ⅱ) increased from 18.8% to 56.4%,with statistical significance (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:PDCA cycle can effectively promote the clinical reasonable of Fat-soluble vitamin for injection(Ⅱ).