ABSTRACT
The aim of study is to identify the antimicrobial property of ginger. Phytochemical screening of chloroform plant extract showed presence of different chemicals. In this study we used Cultures of E. Coli, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus faecalis to identify the antimicrobial strength. Effectiveness of ginger against different conditions attributed to its different constitu-ents (volatile oils, shogaols, Gingerols and diarylheptanoids) that show their therapeutic efficacy by modulating the genetic or metabolic activities of our body. In this study, we performed phytochemical evaluation and antimicrobial assay of ginger root extract which were available in our local farms of Lahore. Ginger possesses a noticeable antimicrobial activity which was confirmed by checking the susceptibility of different strains of bacteria and fungus by measuring the zone of inhibition. In the light of several socioeconomic factors of Pakistan mainly poverty and poor hygienic condition, present study encourages the use of spices as alternative or supplementary medicine to reduce the burden of high cost, side effects and progressively increasing drug resistance of pathogens.
ABSTRACT
The aim of study is to identify the antimicrobial property of ginger. Phytochemical screening of chloroform plant extract showed presence of different chemicals. In this study we used Cultures of E. Coli, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus faecalis to identify the antimicrobial strength. Effectiveness of ginger against different conditions attributed to its different constitu-ents (volatile oils, shogaols, Gingerols and diarylheptanoids) that show their therapeutic efficacy by modulating the genetic or metabolic activities of our body. In this study, we performed phytochemical evaluation and antimicrobial assay of ginger root extract which were available in our local farms of Lahore. Ginger possesses a noticeable antimicrobial activity which was confirmed by checking the susceptibility of different strains of bacteria and fungus by measuring the zone of inhibition. In the light of several socioeconomic factors of Pakistan mainly poverty and poor hygienic condition, present study encourages the use of spices as alternative or supplementary medicine to reduce the burden of high cost, side effects and progressively increasing drug resistance of pathogens. Key Words: genus
ABSTRACT
The objective of this work was the phylogenetic characterization of local clinical isolates of uropathogenic E. coli with respect to drug resistance. A total of 59 uropathogenic E. coli responsible for community acquired urinary tract infections were included in this study. A triplex PCR was employed to segregate each isolate into four different phylogenetic groups (A, B1, B2 and D). Drug resistance was evaluated by disc diffusion method. The drugs used were ampicillin, aztreonam, cefixime, cefoperazone, ceftriaxone, cephradine among â-lactam group; amikacin, gentamicin, and streptomycin among aminoglycosides; nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin from quinolones; trimethoprim-sulfomethoxazole, and tetracycline. Among 59 uropathogenic E. coli isolates majority belonged to phylogenetic group B2 (50 percent) where as 19 percent each belonged to groups A and B1, and 12 percent to group D. All the isolates were multiple drug resistant (MDR). Most effective drugs against Group A, B1, and B2 were gentamicin, amikacin and cefixime; ceftriaxone and quinolones; and ceftriaxone and amikacin, respectively. Group D isolates were found to be highly resistant to all drugs. Our results have shown emergence of MDR isolates among uropathogenic E. coli with dominance of phylogenetic group B2. However, it was found that group D isolates were though less frequent, more drug resistant as compared with group B2. Groups A and B1 were relatively uncommon. Amikacin, ceftriaxone and gentamicin were the most effective drugs in general.